将年月日字符串通过Calendar转成Date后月份被加一问题

一、问题描述

简单描述下问题：数据库有一个开始时间字段`start_time` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '开始日'，存储形如"2022-04-25"年月日的字符串，业务中需要将其转换为指定小时的形如"2022-04-25 07:00:00.0"的Date对象。我是通过Calendar类来处理实现的，代码如下：

    public static Date formatStartDate(String dateStr, int startHour) {
        String[] split = date.split("-");
        Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
        calendar.set(Calendar.YEAR, Integer.valueOf(split[0]));
        calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, Integer.valueOf(split[1]));
        calendar.set(Calendar.DATE, Integer.valueOf(split[2]));
        calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, startHour);
        calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
        calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
        calendar.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
        return calendar.getTime();
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Date date = formatStartDate("2022-04-25", 7);
        SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        String dateStr = format.format(date);
        System.out.println("dateStr:" + dateStr);
    }

运行结果如下：

从运行结果可以看到，月份被加了一个月，4月变成了5月。

二、问题分析

查看Calendar源码可以看到，其关于月份的定义如下：

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #MONTH} field indicating the
     * first month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.
     */
    public final static int JANUARY = 0;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #MONTH} field indicating the
     * second month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.
     */
    public final static int FEBRUARY = 1;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #MONTH} field indicating the
     * third month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.
     */
    public final static int MARCH = 2;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #MONTH} field indicating the
     * fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.
     */
    public final static int APRIL = 3;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #MONTH} field indicating the
     * fifth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.
     */
    public final static int MAY = 4;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #MONTH} field indicating the
     * sixth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.
     */
    public final static int JUNE = 5;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #MONTH} field indicating the
     * seventh month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.
     */
    public final static int JULY = 6;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #MONTH} field indicating the
     * eighth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.
     */
    public final static int AUGUST = 7;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #MONTH} field indicating the
     * ninth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.
     */
    public final static int SEPTEMBER = 8;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #MONTH} field indicating the
     * tenth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.
     */
    public final static int OCTOBER = 9;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #MONTH} field indicating the
     * eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.
     */
    public final static int NOVEMBER = 10;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #MONTH} field indicating the
     * twelfth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.
     */
    public final static int DECEMBER = 11;

通过上面可以看到，4代表的是May(五月)，所以通过上面代码中 calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, Integer.valueOf(split[1]));设置月份的时候本质上是 calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, 4);，即月份设置的是五月，故而出现这个问题。

三、解决方式

方式1

既然月份是从0-11，那么在设置月份的时候减1即可：

// 将上面的值减1作为月份
calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, Integer.valueOf(split[1]) - 1);

 方式2

也可以不使用Calendar类，而是使用如下方式，代码如下：

    public static Date formatStartDate(String dateStr, int startHour) throws Exception{
        Date date = DateUtils.parseDate(dateStr, "yyyy-MM-dd");
        return DateUtils.setHours(date, startHour);
    }

四、补充

除了月份外，Calendar类中也定义的一些关于星期的常量，如下：

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #DAY_OF_WEEK} field indicating
     * Sunday.
     */
    public final static int SUNDAY = 1;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #DAY_OF_WEEK} field indicating
     * Monday.
     */
    public final static int MONDAY = 2;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #DAY_OF_WEEK} field indicating
     * Tuesday.
     */
    public final static int TUESDAY = 3;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #DAY_OF_WEEK} field indicating
     * Wednesday.
     */
    public final static int WEDNESDAY = 4;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #DAY_OF_WEEK} field indicating
     * Thursday.
     */
    public final static int THURSDAY = 5;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #DAY_OF_WEEK} field indicating
     * Friday.
     */
    public final static int FRIDAY = 6;

    /**
     * Value of the {@link #DAY_OF_WEEK} field indicating
     * Saturday.
     */
    public final static int SATURDAY = 7;

如果想通过calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);获取指定日期是星期几也需要特别处理。

比如想获取2022年4月25日是星期几，通过这种方式获取到的将是2，实际上这天是星期一。