3.4 epoll函数
相对于poll函数,在epoll多了三个函数,此外在前面也提到了,epoll有两种处罚模式:
(1)Level-Triggered (2)Edge-Triggered
在Level-Triggered 上,epoll函数于poll函数类似,唯一的区别是epoll函数接收的套接字处于活跃状态,不要用for进行遍历
#include <sys/epoll.h>
int epoll_create(int size);
int epoll_create1(int flags);
int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *event);
int epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event *events, int maxevents, int timeout);
typedef union epoll_data {
void *ptr;
int fd;
uint32_t u32;
uint64_t u64;
} epoll_data_t;
struct epoll_event {
uint32_t events; /* Epoll events */
epoll_data_t data; /* User data variable */
}
epoll的接口非常简单,一共就三个函数:
(1) int epoll_create(int size);
创建一个epoll的句柄,size用来告诉内核这个监听的数目一共有多大。这个参数不同于select()中的第一个参数,给出最大监听的fd+1的值。需要注意的是,当创建好epoll句柄后,它就是会占用一个fd值,在linux下如果查看/proc/进程id/fd/,是能够看到这个fd的,所以在使用完epoll后,必须调用close()关闭,否则可能导致fd被耗尽。
我们可以看到在int epoll_create(int size);与int epoll_create1(int flags),在现在的代码里,一般使用epoll_create1,因为它的效果更好
(2)int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *event);
epoll的事件注册函数,它不同与select()是在监听事件时告诉内核要监听什么类型的事件,而是在这里先注册要监听的事件类型。第一个参数是epoll_create()的返回值,第二个参数表示动作,用三个宏来表示:
EPOLL_CTL_ADD:注册新的fd到epfd中;
EPOLL_CTL_MOD:修改已经注册的fd的监听事件;
EPOLL_CTL_DEL:从epfd中删除一个fd;
第三个参数是需要监听的fd,第四个参数是告诉内核需要监听什么事
events可以是以下几个宏的集合:
EPOLLIN :表示对应的文件描述符可以读(包括对端SOCKET正常关闭);
EPOLLOUT:表示对应的文件描述符可以写;
EPOLLPRI:表示对应的文件描述符有紧急的数据可读(这里应该表示有带外数据到来);
EPOLLERR:表示对应的文件描述符发生错误;
EPOLLHUP:表示对应的文件描述符被挂断;
EPOLLET: 将EPOLL设为边缘触发(Edge Triggered)模式,这是相对于水平触发(Level Triggered)来说的。
EPOLLONESHOT:只监听一次事件,当监听完这次事件之后,如果还需要继续监听这个socket的话,需要再次把这个socket加入到EPOLL队列里
(3) int epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event * events, int maxevents, int timeout);
等待事件的产生,类似于select()调用。参数events用来从内核得到事件的集合,maxevents告之内核这个events有多大,这个 maxevents的值不能大于创建epoll_create()时的size,参数timeout是超时时间(毫秒,0会立即返回,-1将不确定,也有说法说是永久阻塞)。该函数返回需要处理的事件数目,如返回0表示已超时。
示例代码:
cmakeList:
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6)
project(pas CXX)
set(CXX_FLAGS -g -Wall)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "g++")
string(REPLACE ";" " " CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CXX_FLAGS}")
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
add_executable(echosrv_poll echosrv_poll.cpp)
add_executable(echosrv_epoll echosrv_epoll.cpp)
add_executable(echocli echocli.cpp)
Echoers_epoll.cpp
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
typedef std::vector<struct epoll_event> EventList; //定义一个向量存放epoll_event
#define ERR_EXIT(m) \
do \
{ \
perror(m); \
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
} while(0)
int main(void)
{
signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
int idlefd = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
int listenfd;
//if ((listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
if ((listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK | SOCK_CLOEXEC, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("socket");
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
int on = 1;
if (setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");
if (bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("bind");
if (listen(listenfd, SOMAXCONN) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("listen");
std::vector<int> clients;
int epollfd;
epollfd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);//创建epoll句柄
struct epoll_event event;
event.data.fd = listenfd;
event.events = EPOLLIN/* | EPOLLET*/;
epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, listenfd, &event);
EventList events(16);
struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
socklen_t peerlen;
int connfd;
int nready;
while (1)
{
nready = epoll_wait(epollfd, &*events.begin(), static_cast<int>(events.size()), -1);//关注过一次事件后,并不需要进行拷贝,这是为啥epoll效率高的原因
if (nready == -1)
{
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
ERR_EXIT("epoll_wait");
}
if (nready == 0) // nothing happended
continue;
if ((size_t)nready == events.size())//采用被增事件大小
events.resize(events.size()*2);
for (int i = 0; i < nready; ++i)
{
if (events[i].data.fd == listenfd)
{
peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);
connfd = ::accept4(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr,
&peerlen, SOCK_NONBLOCK | SOCK_CLOEXEC);
if (connfd == -1)
{
if (errno == EMFILE)
{
close(idlefd);
idlefd = accept(listenfd, NULL, NULL);
close(idlefd);
idlefd = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
continue;
}
else
ERR_EXIT("accept4");
}
std::cout<<"ip="<<inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr)<<
" port="<<ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port)<<std::endl;
clients.push_back(connfd);
event.data.fd = connfd;
event.events = EPOLLIN/* | EPOLLET*/;
epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, connfd, &event);
}
else if (events[i].events & EPOLLIN)
{
connfd = events[i].data.fd;
if (connfd < 0)
continue;
char buf[1024] = {0};
int ret = read(connfd, buf, 1024);
if (ret == -1)
ERR_EXIT("read");
if (ret == 0)
{
std::cout<<"client close"<<std::endl;
close(connfd);
event = events[i];
epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, connfd, &event);
clients.erase(std::remove(clients.begin(), clients.end(), connfd), clients.end());
continue;
}
std::cout<<buf;
write(connfd, buf, strlen(buf));
}
}
}
return 0;
}
Echoers_poll.cpp
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#define ERR_EXIT(m) \
do \
{ \
perror(m); \
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
} while(0)
typedef std::vector<struct pollfd> PollFdList;
int main(void)
{
signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
int idlefd = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
int listenfd;
//if ((listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
if ((listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK | SOCK_CLOEXEC, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("socket");
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
int on = 1;
if (setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");
if (bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("bind");
if (listen(listenfd, SOMAXCONN) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("listen");
struct pollfd pfd;
pfd.fd = listenfd;
pfd.events = POLLIN;
PollFdList pollfds;
pollfds.push_back(pfd);
int nready;
struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
socklen_t peerlen;
int connfd;
while (1)
{
nready = poll(&*pollfds.begin(), pollfds.size(), -1);
if (nready == -1)
{
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
ERR_EXIT("poll");
}
if (nready == 0) // nothing happended
continue;
if (pollfds[0].revents & POLLIN)
{
peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);
connfd = accept4(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr,
&peerlen, SOCK_NONBLOCK | SOCK_CLOEXEC);
/* if (connfd == -1)
ERR_EXIT("accept4");
*/
if (connfd == -1)
{
if (errno == EMFILE)
{
close(idlefd);
idlefd = accept(listenfd, NULL, NULL);
close(idlefd);
idlefd = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
continue;
}
else
ERR_EXIT("accept4");
}
pfd.fd = connfd;
pfd.events = POLLIN;
pfd.revents = 0;
pollfds.push_back(pfd);
--nready;
// ���ӳɹ�
std::cout<<"ip="<<inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr)<<
" port="<<ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port)<<std::endl;
if (nready == 0)
continue;
}
//std::cout<<pollfds.size()<<std::endl;
//std::cout<<nready<<std::endl;
for (PollFdList::iterator it=pollfds.begin()+1;
it != pollfds.end() && nready >0; ++it)
{
if (it->revents & POLLIN)
{
--nready;
connfd = it->fd;
char buf[1024] = {0};
int ret = read(connfd, buf, 1024);
if (ret == -1)
ERR_EXIT("read");
if (ret == 0)
{
std::cout<<"client close"<<std::endl;
it = pollfds.erase(it);
--it;
close(connfd);
continue;
}
std::cout<<buf;
write(connfd, buf, strlen(buf));
}
}
}
return 0;
}