Python中openpyxl处理Excel文件详解

前言：openpyxl是一个用于读/写excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm文件的python库，所有对phpexcel团队的赞誉都是因为openpyxl最初是基于phpexcel的。以下从Excel格式处理，单元格数值修改等方面详解openpyxl的操作功能。

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一、Excel单元格设置

1.处理表格

from openpyxl import load_workbook
import datetime 
wb = load_workbook(r'D:\Pyfiles\xx公司指标体系.xlsx')

2.sheet设置

#创建sheet
ws1=wb.create_sheet("mysheet")

#设定sheet的名字
ws1.title='newtitle'

#设定sheet的标签的背景颜色
ws1.sheet_properties.tabColor='1072BA'

#获取某个sheet对象
print(wb.get_sheet_by_name("newtitle"))
print(wb["newtitle"])

#遍历sheet名字
print(wb.sheetnames)
for sheetname in wb.sheetnames:
    print(sheetname)
for sheet in wb:
    print(sheet.title)

#复制一个sheet
wb['newtitle']['A1']='123'
source=wb["newtitle"]
target=wb.copy_worksheet(source)

#操作单元格
ws = wb.active

#调整列宽
ws.column_dimensions['A'].width = 10

#调整行高
ws.row_dimensions[1].height = 13.5
d=ws.cell(row=4,column=2)
#d=ws.cell(row=4,column=2,value=10)//更改该单元格的值
print(d.value)

#操作单列
print(ws['B'])
for cell in ws['B']:
    print(cell.value)

#操作多列
print(ws["A:C"])
for column in ws["A:C"]:
    for cell in column:
        print(cell.value)

#操作多行
row_range = ws1[1:3]
print row_range
for row in row_range:
    for cell in row:
        print cell.value
for row in ws1.iter_rows(min_row=1, min_col=1, max_col=3, max_row=3):
    for cell in row:
        print cell.value

#获取所有行
print ws1.rows
for row in ws1.rows:
    print row
#获取所有列
print ws1.columns
for col in ws1.columns:
    print col

#获取所有的行对象
rows1=[]
for row in ws.iter_rows():
    rows1.append(row)
print(rows1[2][3].value)

#获取所有的列对象
col1=[]
for col in ws.iter_cols():
    col1.append(col)
print(col1[2][2].value)

#单元格格式
ws['B2']=datetime.datetime(2021,7,21)
print(ws['B2'].number_format)#yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss
ws['B3']='12%'
print(ws['B3'].number_format)#General

#使用公式
ws["A1"]=1
ws["A2"]=2
ws["A3"]=3
ws["A4"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
ws["A5"] = "=SUM(A1:A3)"
print (ws["A4"].value ) #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值
print (ws["A5"].value) #=SUM(A1:A3)

#合并单元格
ws.merge_cells('B2:B4')
ws.merge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)

#拆分单元格
ws.unmerge_cells('B2:B4')
ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)

#隐藏单元格
ws.column_dimensions.group('A','D',hidden=False)
ws.row_dimensions.group(5,7,hidden=False)

#设定字体格式Font()
ws=wb.active
import openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import fills,colors,NamedStyle,Font,Side,Border,PatternFill,Alignment,Protection
for irow,row in enumerate(ws.rows,start=1): #           加粗        斜体        下划线
        font=Font('微软雅黑',size=11,color=colors.BLACK,bold=False,italic=True,underline='double')
    for cell in row:
        cell.font=font
        if irow%3==0:
            cell.fill=fills.GradientFill(stop=['FF0000', '0000FF'])#填充渐变

from openpyxl.styles import fills,colors,NamedStyle,Font,Side,Border,PatternFill,Alignment,Protection

3.格式处理示例 

#字体
    ft = Font(name=u'微软雅黑',
        size=11,
        bold=True,
        italic=True,#斜体
        vertAlign='baseline',#上下标'subscript','baseline'='none,'superscript'
        underline='single',#下划线'singleAcc