响应对象Response

1.概念【响应给浏览器】

• 响应∶回馈结果。在B/S架构中，就是服务器给客户端浏览器反馈结果。
• 响应对象∶就是在项目中用于发送响应的对象。
• 实现接口：ServletResponse和HttpServletResponse【浏览器访问服务器后，服务器给客户端响应的数据会封装为ServletResponse对象，它有一个子类叫HttpServletResponse对象，用于封装按照Http协议封装的响应数据。】

2.响应状态码

3.字节/字符流响应数据

字节流响应数据【响应给浏览器】

@WebServlet("/ServletDemo1")
public class ServletDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置浏览器响应编码[html类型的文本,字符集为utf-8]
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //1.获取字节流输出对象
        ServletOutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream();
        //2.定义一个消息
        String str ="你好世界";
        //3.通过字节流对象输出
        os.write(str.getBytes("utf-8"));
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

字符流响应数据【响应给浏览器】

@WebServlet("/ServletDemo2")
public class ServletDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置浏览器响应编码[html类型的文本,字符集为utf-8]
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //获取字符流输出对象
        resp.getWriter().write("<h3>这是一个响应信息</h3>");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

注：【字节流响应数据无法换行，原因：字节流读取1024个字节，直接读到结尾，然后在末尾写入，相当于换行符没起到最用，可以采用字符流展示标签数据】

4.响应图片[图片不需要设置编码]

点击超链接对应ServletDemo3处理

<a href="/Response/ServletDemo3">点我看图</a>

//响应图片[图片不需要设置编码]
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo3")
public class ServletDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.创建字节输入流对象,关联读取图片路径
        //首先获取到关联图片的项目路径[因为项目发布后路径会改变]
        String realPath = getServletContext().getRealPath("/img/nan.png");
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(realPath));
        //2.响应对象获取字节输出流对象,展示关联图片
        ServletOutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream();
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len = bis.read(bytes);
        while (len!=-1){
            os.write(bytes,0,len);
            len = bis.read(bytes);
        }
        bis.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

5.设置缓存时间

• 缓存:对于不经常变化的数据，我们可以设置合理缓存时间，以避免浏览器频繁请求服务器。以此来提高效率
• 方法：setDateHeader(String name,long time)

//设置缓存
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo4")
public class ServletDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置浏览器响应编码[html类型的文本,字符集为utf-8]
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        String news = "这是一条很火爆的新闻";
        //设置缓存[1小时缓存时间]
        resp.setDateHeader("Expires", System.currentTimeMillis() + 1 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
        //写出数据
        resp.getWriter().write(news);
        System.out.println("只有第一次输出，再次访问不会访问服务器");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

打印结果：//浏览器不刷新就会读取缓存
---------------------------------------------------------
只有第一次输出，再次访问不会访问服务器

6.设置定时刷新

//定时刷新
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo5")
public class ServletDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置浏览器响应编码[html类型的文本,字符集为utf-8]
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //写出显示数据
        resp.getWriter().write("您的用户名有误,3秒回自动跳转到登录页面");
        //定时刷新,跳回
        resp.setHeader("Refresh","3;url=/Response/html/index.html");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

7.重定向

//重定向a找b,b告诉a,c可以完成,a再找c   a找了2次
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo6")
public class ServletDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置浏览器响应编码[html类型的文本,字符集为utf-8]
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //方法1:设置重定向状态码
        /*resp.setStatus(302);
        resp.setHeader("location",req.getContextPath()+"/ServletDemo5");
*/
        //方法2:
        resp.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath()+"/ServletDemo5");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

8.文件下载

点击超链接对应ServletDemo7处理

<a href="/Response/ServletDemo7">点我下载图片</a>

//文件下载
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo7")
public class ServletDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.创建字节输入流对象，关联读取的文件
        String realPath = getServletContext().getRealPath("/img/nan.png");
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(realPath));
        //2.设置响应头支持的类型
        /*Content-Type 消息头名称支持的类型
        application/octet-stream消息头参数应用的类型为字节流*/
        resp.setHeader("Content-Type","application/octet-stream");
        //3.设置响应头以下载方式打开附件
        /*Content-Disposition消息头名称 处理的形式
        attachment ;filename=hm.png消息头参数附件形式进行处理―指定下载文件的名称*/
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=nan.png");
        //4.获取字节输出流对象
        ServletOutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream();
        //5.循环读写
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len = bis.read(bytes);
        while (len!=-1){
            os.write(bytes,0,len);
            len = bis.read(bytes);
        }
        //6.释放资源
        bis.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}