CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `school`;
-- 创建一个school数据库
USE `school`;-- 创建学生表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student`(
`studentno` INT(4) NOT NULL COMMENT '学号',
`loginpwd` VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`studentname` VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学生姓名',
`sex` TINYINT(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别,0或1',
`gradeid` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年级编号',
`phone` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '联系电话,允许为空',
`address` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '地址,允许为空',
`borndate` DATETIME DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '出生时间',
`email` VARCHAR (50) NOT NULL COMMENT '邮箱账号允许为空',
`identitycard` VARCHAR(18) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '身份证号',
PRIMARY KEY (`studentno`),
UNIQUE KEY `identitycard`(`identitycard`),
KEY `email` (`email`)
)ENGINE=MYISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- 创建年级表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `grade`;
CREATE TABLE `grade`(
`gradeid` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '年级编号',
`gradename` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '年级名称',
PRIMARY KEY (`gradeid`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT = 6 DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;
-- 创建科目表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `subject`;
CREATE TABLE `subject`(
`subjectno`INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '课程编号',
`subjectname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '课程名称',
`classhour` INT(4) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学时',
`gradeid` INT(4) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年级编号',
PRIMARY KEY (`subjectno`)
)ENGINE = INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT = 19 DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;
-- 创建成绩表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `result`;
CREATE TABLE `result`(
`studentno` INT(4) NOT NULL COMMENT '学号',
`subjectno` INT(4) NOT NULL COMMENT '课程编号',
`examdate` DATETIME NOT NULL COMMENT '考试日期',
`studentresult` INT (4) NOT NULL COMMENT '考试成绩',
KEY `subjectno` (`subjectno`)
)ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;
- 插入学生数据 其余自行添加 这里只添加了2行
INSERT INTO `student` (`studentno`,`loginpwd`,`studentname`,`sex`,`gradeid`,`phone`,`address`,`borndate`,`email`,`identitycard`)
VALUES
(1000,'123456','张伟',0,2,'13800001234','北京朝阳','1980-1-1','text123@qq.com','123456198001011234'),
(1001,'123456','赵强',1,3,'13800002222','广东深圳','1990-1-1','text111@qq.com','123456199001011233');
(1002,'123456','张亮',0,4,'13800003324','江苏南京','1980-02-02','text555@qq.com','12345678978541')
-- 插入成绩数据 这里仅插入了一组,其余自行添加
INSERT INTO `result`(`studentno`,`subjectno`,`examdate`,`studentresult`)
VALUES
(1000,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',85),
(1000,2,'2013-11-12 16:00:00',70),
(1000,3,'2013-11-11 09:00:00',68),
(1000,4,'2013-11-13 16:00:00',98),
(1000,5,'2013-11-14 16:00:00',58);
-- 插入年级数据
INSERT INTO `grade` (`gradeid`,`gradename`) VALUES(1,'大一'),(2,'大二'),(3,'大三'),(4,'大四'),(5,'预科班');
-- 插入科目数据
INSERT INTO `subject`(`subjectno`,`subjectname`,`classhour`,`gradeid`)VALUES
(1,'高等数学-1',110,1),
(2,'高等数学-2',110,2),
(3,'高等数学-3',100,3),
(4,'高等数学-4',130,4),
(5,'C语言-1',110,1),
(6,'C语言-2',110,2),
(7,'C语言-3',100,3),
(8,'C语言-4',130,4),
(9,'Java程序设计-1',110,1),
(10,'Java程序设计-2',110,2),
(11,'Java程序设计-3',100,3),
(12,'Java程序设计-4',130,4),
(13,'数据库结构-1',110,1),
(14,'数据库结构-2',110,2),
(15,'数据库结构-3',100,3),
(16,'数据库结构-4',130,4),
(17,'C#基础',130,1);
4.1、数据查询语言
4.2 指定查询字段
-- 查询全部学生 select 字段 from 表
SELECT *FROM `result`
-- 查询指定字段
SELECT `StudentNo`,`StudentName` FROM student
-- 别名,给查到的结果起一个名字 AS
SELECT `StudentNo` AS 学号, `StudentName` AS 姓名 FROM student
-- 函数 Contcat(a,b)
SELECT CONCAT('姓名:',StudentName) AS 新名字 FROM student
去重
作用:去除select查询出来的结果中重复的数据,重复的数据只显示一条
SELECT *FROM result -- 查询全部的考试成绩
SELECT `StudentNo` FROM result -- 查询有哪些同学参加了考试
SELECT DISTINCT `StudentNo` FROM result -- 发现重复数据,去重
数据库的列(表达式)
SELECT VERSION() -- 查询版本系统(函数)
SELECT 100*3-1 AS 计算结果 -- 用来计算(表达式)
SELECT @@auto_increment_increment -- 查询自增的步长(变量)
-- 学员考试成绩+1分
SELECT `StudentNo`,`StudentResult`+ 1 AS '总分' FROM result
4.3、where条件子句
-- ================where==================
SELECT `studentno`,`studentResult` FROM result
WHERE studentResult >= 50 AND studentResult <= 70;
SELECT `studentno`,`studentResult` FROM result
WHERE studentResult >=68 && studentResult <=90;
SELECT `studentNo`,`studentResult` FROM result
WHERE studentResult BETWEEN 60 AND 90;
-- 除1000号同学之外的学生
SELECT `studentNo` FROM student
WHERE NOT studentNo = 1000;
SELECT `studentNo` FROM student
WHERE studentNo != 1000;
模糊查询操作符详解:比较运算符
-- ===========模糊查询===========
-- %(代表0到任意个字符) _(代表一个字符)
-- 查询姓张的同学
SELECT `studentno`,`studentname` FROM student
WHERE studentname LIKE '张%'
-- 查询姓张的同学,并且后面只有一个字
SELECT `studentno`,`studentname` FROM student
WHERE studntname LIKE '张_'
-- 查询名字里面带有嘉的
SELECT `studentno`,`stdeuntname` FROM student
WHERE studentname LIKE '%嘉%'
-- =========in==========
-- 查询1000,1001号同学
SELECT `studentno`,`studentname` FROM student
WHERE studentno IN (1001,1002)
SELECT `address` FROM student
WHERE address IN ('北京朝阳','广东深圳')
-- =======null not null========
-- 查询地址为空的学生
SELECT `address` FROM `student`
WHERE address='' OR address IS NULL
-- 查询有出生日期的同学 不为空
SELECT `borndate` FROM `student`
WHERE borndate IS NOT NULL
-- 查询没有出生日期的同学 为空
SELECT `bornate` FROM `student`
WHERE borndate IS NULL
4.4、联表查询JoinON详解
-- =========联表查询==========
-- 查询参加了考试的同学(学号,姓名,科目编号,分数)
SELECT * FROM student
SELECT * FROM result
/*思路
1.分析需求,分析查询的字段来自哪些表(连接查询)
2.确定使用哪种连接查询
确定交叉点(这两个表中哪个数据是相同的)
判断的条件:学生表中的 studentNo = 成绩表中的 stuentNo
*/
-- join(连接的表) on(判断的条件) 连接查询
-- where 等值查询
SELECT s.studentNo,studentName,subjectno,studentresult
FROM `student` AS s
INNER JOIN `result` AS r
WHERE s.studentNo = r.studentNo
SELECT s.studentNo,studentName,subjectno,studentresult
FROM `student` AS s
RIGHT JOIN `result` AS r
ON s.studentNo = r.studentNo //注意是ON 上面的是where
SELECT s.studentNo,studentName,subjectno,studentresult
FROM `student` AS s
LEFT JOIN `result` AS r
ON s.studentNo = r.studentNo
-- 查询缺考的同学
SELECT s.studentNo,studentName,subjectno,studentresult
FROM `student` AS s
LEFT JOIN `result` AS r
ON s.studentNo = r.studentNo
WHERE studentresult IS NULL
-- 思考题(查询参加了考试的同学信息:学号,学生姓名,科目名,分数)
/*思路
1.分析需求,分析查询的字段来自哪些表(连接查询)
2.确定使用哪种连接查询
确定交叉点(这两个表中哪个数据是相同的)
判断的条件:学生表中的 studentNo = 成绩表中的 stuentNo
*/
SELECT s.studentNo,studentName,subjectname,studentresult
FROM `student` AS s
RIGHT JOIN `result` AS r
ON s.studentNo = r.studentNo
INNER JOIN `subject` AS sub
ON r.subjectNo = sub.subjectNo
自连接
-- =======自连接=======
CREATE TABLE `school`.`category`(
`categoryid` INT(3) NOT NULL COMMENT '主题id',
`pid` INT(3) NOT NULL COMMENT '父id 没有父则为1',
`categoryname` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '种类名字',
PRIMARY KEY (`categoryid`)
) ENGINE=INNODB CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_general_ci;
INSERT INTO `school`.`category` (`categoryid`, `pid`, `categoryname`) VALUES (2, 1, '信息技术');
INSERT INTO `school`.`CATEGOrY` (`categoryid`, `pid`, `categoryname`) VALUES (3, 1, '软件开发');
INSERT INTO `school`.`category` (`categoryid`, `PId`, `categoryname`) VALUES (5, 1, '美术设计');
INSERT INTO `School`.`category` (`categoryid`, `pid`, `categorynamE`) VALUES (4, 3, '数据库');
INSERT INTO `school`.`category` (`CATEgoryid`, `pid`, `categoryname`) VALUES (8, 2, '办公信息');
INSERT INTO `school`.`category` (`categoryid`, `pid`, `CAtegoryname`) VALUES (6, 3, 'web开发');
INSERT INTO `SCHool`.`category` (`categoryid`, `pid`, `categoryname`) VALUES (7, 5, 'ps技术');
练习
-- 查询学员所属的年级(学号,学生的姓名,年级名称)
SELECT studentNo,studentName,gradename
FROM `student` AS s
INNER JOIN `grade` AS g
ON s.gradeid = g.gradeid
-- 查询科目所属的年级(科目名称,年级名称)
SELECT subjectname,gradename
FROM `subject` AS s
INNER JOIN `grade` AS r
ON s.gradeid = r.gradeid
-- 查询参加了 数据库结构-1 考试的同学信息:学号,学生姓名,科目名,分数
SELECT s.studentNo,studentName,subjectname,studentresult
FROM `student` AS s
RIGHT JOIN `result` AS r
ON s.studentNo = r.studentNo
INNER JOIN `subject` AS sub
ON r.subjectno = sub.subjectno
WHERE subjectname = '数据库结构-1'
4.5、分页和排序
排序
-- 排序:升序ASC, 降序DESC
-- 语法:ORDER BY 通过哪个字段排序 怎么排
-- 将查询的结果根据成绩排序 降序
SELECT s.studentNo,studentName,subjectname,studentresult
FROM `student` AS s
RIGHT JOIN `result` AS r
ON s.studentNo = r.studentNo
INNER JOIN `subject` AS sub
ON r.subjectno = sub.subjectno
WHERE subjectname = '数据库结构-1'
ORDER BY studentresult DESC
分页
例题:
-- 思考
-- 查询 JAVA第一学年 课程成绩排名前十的学生,并且分数要大于80的学生信息(学号,姓名,课程名称,分数)
SELECT s.studentNo,studentname,subjectname,studentresult
FROM student AS s
INNER JOIN result AS r
ON s.studentNo = r.studentNo
INNER JOIN `subject` AS sub
ON r.subjectno = sub.subjectno
WHERE subjectname = 'JAVA第一学年' AND studentresult > 80
ORDER BY studentresult DESC
LIMIT 0,10 -- 前十名分页
4.6、子查询
例二
4.7、分组和过滤
-- 查询不同课程的平均分,最高分,最低分,平均分大于80
-- 核心:根据不同的课程分组(分组后,此时二级条件就不能用where了,而是用having)
SELECT subjectname,AVG(studentresult) AS 平均分,MAX(studentresult) AS 最高分,MIN(studentresult) AS 最低分
FROM result AS r
INNER JOIN `subject` AS sub
ON r.`subjectno` = sub.`subjectno`
GROUP BY r.subjectno
HAVING 平均分 > 80