为什么要使用Stream流?
Stream流是JDK1.8更新后带来的新特性,通过将要处理的元素视作为在管道中的流,并进行诸如筛选,排序,分组等等的处理,通过Stream流进行数据处理可以极大的提高程序员的代码编写效率,还能提高代码的简洁度。
如何获取Stream流
获取Stream流的方式主要有以下三种。
- 通过Collection获取流:
Java在Collection接口中提供了default方法,Collection接口的所有实现类都可以通过下面的方式获取Stream流
public class JavaStreamTest01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
Stream<String> stream1 = list.stream();
Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();
Stream<String> stream2 = set.stream();
Vector<String> vector = new Vector<>();
Stream<String> stream3 = vector.stream();
}
}
- 通过Map获取流
Map是以Key-Value的形式来保存数据的,因此也要分3种情况来获取Stream流,分别是Key,Value以及Entry,具体的获取方式如下
public class JavaStreamTest02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
Set<String> key = map.keySet();
Set<String> value = (Set<String>) map.values();
Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entries = map.entrySet();
Stream<String> keyStream = key.stream();
Stream<String> valueStream = value.stream();
Stream<Map.Entry<String, String>> entryStream = entries.stream();
}
}
- 根据数组来获取流
Java中给输注获取流提供了非常简洁的方式,具体的获取方式如下
public class JavaStreamTest03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] arr=new String[]{"苹果","香蕉","草莓"};
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of(arr);
}
}
常用的对流进行的中间操作
- 遍历逐一处理(forEach)
public class JavaStreamTest04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] arr=new String[]{"苹果","香蕉","草莓"};
Stream<String> stream=Stream.of(arr);
stream.forEach(s-> System.out.println(s));
}
}
结果:
- 过滤处理(filter)
public class JavaStreamTest05 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] arr=new String[]{"苹果","香蕉","草莓"};
Stream<String> stream=Stream.of(arr);
Stream<String> stream2 = stream.filter(s -> s.startsWith("苹"));
stream2.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
结果:
- 映射(map)
将当前流的数据类型映射成另一种数据类型
public class JavaStreamTest06 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] arr=new String[]{"12","33","44"};
Stream<String> stream=Stream.of(arr);
Stream<Integer> stream2 = stream.map(s -> Integer.parseInt(s));
stream2.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
结果:
- 统计流中元素的个数(count)
public class JavaStreamTest07 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] arr=new String[]{"12","33","44"};
Stream<String> stream=Stream.of(arr);
long count = stream.count();
System.out.println(count);
}
}
结果:
- 截取特定数量的前几个流元素(limit)
public class JavaStreamTest08 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] arr=new String[]{"12","33","44"};
Stream<String> stream=Stream.of(arr);
Stream<String> limit = stream.limit(2);
limit.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
结果:
- 跳过前几个,获取之后的流(skip)
public class JavaStreamTest09 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] arr=new String[]{"12","33","44"};
Stream<String> stream=Stream.of(arr);
Stream<String> skip = stream.skip(2);
skip.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
结果:
- 组合流(concat)
当有两个流并希望将他们组合起来时可以使用这个方法
public class JavaStreamTest10 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] arr=new String[]{"12","33","44"};
String[] arr2=new String[]{"苹果","香蕉","草莓"};
Stream<String> stream1=Stream.of(arr);
Stream<String> stream2 = Stream.of(arr2);
Stream<String> concat = Stream.concat(stream1, stream2);
concat.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
结果:
- 排序(sorted)
public class JavaStreamTest11 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] arr=new String[]{"张无忌","张三丰","张翠山","张一元"};
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of(arr);
stream.sorted().forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
结果:
- 去重(distinct)
顾名思义用来去除流中重复的元素
public class JavaStreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List list=new ArrayList();
list.add(1);
list.add(2);
list.add(1);
list.add(4);
list.add(2);
list.add(6);
Stream stream = list.stream();
stream.distinct().forEach(s-> System.out.println(s));
}
}
结果:
常用的对Stream流的终结操作
- 元素收集操作
String[] arr=new String[]{"张无忌","张三丰","张翠山","张一元"};
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of(arr);
//收集到set集合
Set<String> collect = stream.collect(Collectors.toSet());
//收集到list集合
List<String> collect1 = stream.collect(Collectors.toList());
//收集到数组
String[] strings = (String[]) stream.toArray();
- 查找
public class JavaStreamTest12 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List list=new ArrayList();
list.add(1);
list.add(2);
list.add(3);
list.add(4);
list.add(5);
list.add(6);
Stream stream = list.stream();
Stream stream2 = list.stream();
Stream<Integer> stream3 = list.stream();
Stream<Integer> stream4 = list.stream();
//返回流中的第一个元素
int f1 = (int) stream.findFirst().get();
System.out.println(f1);
//返回流中的任意一个元素
int f2 = (int) stream2.findAny().get();
System.out.println(f2);
//返回流中最大的元素
int max = stream3.max((o1, o2) ->o1>o2?1:-1).get();
System.out.println(max);
//返回流中最小元素
int min = stream4.min((o1, o2) -> o1>o2?1:-1).get();
System.out.println(min);
}
}
- 字符串拼接(joining)
可以将Stream流中的元素通过自定义的规则拼接起来
public class JavaStreamTest13 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("张无忌");
list.add("周芷若");
list.add("赵敏");
list.add("张强");
list.add("张三丰");
System.out.println(list.stream().collect(Collectors.joining(",")));
}
}
结果: