Python语法：数据存储、for循坏

# 一、什么是语法：编写程序时需要按照一定的规则进行；

# 二、为什么要学习语法：帮助我们实现想要的功能；

# 三、 数据存储

# 列表(数组)：大量数据的存储模型，增删改查
list1 = [1, 1.2, True, "西瓜", [1, 2, 3]]
print(list1)
print(type(list1))

# 空列表
list2 = []
 
# 获取数据
print(list1[3])
print(list1[-1])
 
# 取多个值:开始编号：结束编号（不包括）
print(list1[2:4])

# 修改值:先取出再赋值
print(list1)
list1[3] = "a"
print(list1)

# 增加
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list1.append("it")

# 插入
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list1.insert(0, "it")

# 删除
list1 = [1, 2, 3, "it"]
data = list1.pop(2)

# 清空
list1 = [1, 2, 3, "it"]
list1.clear()

# 查询位置
list1 = [1, 2, 3, "it"]
idx = list1.index("it")

# 统计数量
list1 = [1, 2, 3, "it"]
num = list1.count("it")

list1 = [1, 2, 3]
num = len(list1)

# 元组
tuple1 = (1,2,3,1.2,True,[1,2],(1,2,4),"a")
print(tuple1)
print(type(tuple1))

# 查询
print(tuple1[4:7])
print(tuple1.count(True))

tuple1.pop(2)
print(tuple1)

list1 = [100,20]
print(type(list1))

list2 = tuple(list1)
print(type(list2))

# 集合：支持不可以改变的数据类型

# 集合自动排序
set1 = {2,1,1.2,(1,2,3),"a","ab",1,2}
set2 = {2,3,1,6,7}
print(set2)
print(type(set1))

# 添加
set2.add("a")
set2.add("b")
print(set2)

# 删除
set2.pop()
print(set2)

set2.remove("b")
print(set2)

# 字典 
dict1 = {1:[1,2],"age":18,"gender":["男","女"]}
print(dict1)
print(type(dict1))

# 集合
set1 = {1,2,3}

# 空字典
a = {}

# 空集合
b = set()
print(type(a))

# 获取
print(dict1[1])
print(dict1["age"])

# 修改
dict1[1] = "西瓜"
print(dict1)

# 添加
dict1["age1"] = 19
print(dict1)

# 删除
dict1.pop("age")
print(dict1)

# 查询
print(dict1["gender"])
print(dict1.get("gender"))

#获取多个值
print(dict1.values())

# 获取多个键
print(dict1.keys())

# 获取多值多键
print(dict1)
print(dict1.items())

# 字符串是特殊的列表
print(list(dict1))
print(str(dict1))

# 四、for循坏
list1 = ["a","b",1,2,(1,2,3),{"name":"value"}]

for i in list1:
    print(i)

#range() 函数:

print(list(range(10)))
print(tuple(range(10)))
print(set(range(10)))
print(dict(range(10)))
for i in range(10):
     print("西瓜")

# 循环次数
for i in list(range(10)):
    print(i)

for i in range(0,101):
     print(i)
print(list(range(0,101)))
print(list(range(0,101,5)))

# 公共方法
list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
tuple1 = (1,2,3,4,5,6)

# 获取数量len()
print(len(list1))
print(len(tuple1))

#  max() 最大值，min()最小值
print(max(list1))
print(min(list1))

str1 = "asdfs"
print(str1[3:5])

#else:  循环正常结束后打印
for i in str1:
    print(i)
    break
else:
    print("循环结束")

list1 = [0,1,2,3,4,5]
list2 = list(range(6))
list3 = [(i+1)*2 for i in range(6)]
list4 = [{"a{}".format(i):i} for i in range(6)]
print(list1)
print(list2)
print(list3)
print(list4)

# random;生成随机数

print(random.randint(0,10))
print(random.randint(0,10))
print(random.randint(0,10))
print(random.randint(0,10))
print(random.randint(0,10))
print(random.randint(0,10))

# 算法系统
import random

true_num = 0
false_num = 0
for i in range(12):
    x = random.randint(0,100)
    y = random.randint(0,100)
    order = int(input("请输入{}+{}的值：".format(x,y)))
    if order == x+y:
        print("答案正确")
        true_num +=1
    else:
        print("回答错误")
        false_num +=1
print("算法系统中，正确题的数量是：%s,错误的题的数量：%s,错误率：%.2f%%,正确率：%.2f%%" %(true_num,false_num,(false_num/12)*100,(true_num/12)*100))