String底层是用char[ ]型数组存储还是用byte[ ]型数组存储

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大家学习Java基本都是以jdk1.8为基础，所以可能会有点疑惑，这里简单概述一下。

在jdk1.8之前，String底层是用char[ ]型数组存储的，直到jdk1.9改为byte[ ]型数组。这样做主要是为了节约String占用的内存。

jdk1.8：

public final class String
    implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence {
    /** The value is used for character storage. */
    private final char value[];

    /** Cache the hash code for the string */
    private int hash; // Default to 0
    //......
}

jdk1.9：

public final class String
    implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence {
    
    /**
     * The value is used for character storage.
     *
     * @implNote This field is trusted by the VM, and is a subject to
     * constant folding if String instance is constant. Overwriting this
     * field after construction will cause problems.
     *
     * Additionally, it is marked with {@link Stable} to trust the contents
     * of the array. No other facility in JDK provides this functionality (yet).
     * {@link Stable} is safe here, because value is never null.
     */
	@Stable
	private final byte[] value;
    
	/**
	* The identifier of the encoding used to encode the bytes in
	* {@code value}. The supported values in this implementation are
	*
	* LATIN1
	* UTF16
	*
	* @implNote This field is trusted by the VM, and is a subject to
	* constant folding if String instance is constant. Overwriting this
	* field after construction will cause problems.
	*/
    private final byte coder;
    
    /** Cache the hash code for the string */
    private int hash; // Default to 0