特殊shell扩展变量:-,:=,:?,:+

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-15 15:24:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-15 15:24:28 发布

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分类专栏： shell自动化文章标签： bash 自动化

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变量:-word 如果变量为空则返回word子串，非空返回变量本身

zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ echo $name

zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ # ${变量:-word}如果变量值为空返回word子串，非空返回变量
zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ echo ${name:-zxh}
zxh
zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ echo $name

zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ name=xiaohui
zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ echo ${name:-zxh}
xiaohui
zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$

变量:=word 如果变量为空，用word子串替换变量，非空则返回变量的本身值

zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ echo $name

zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ echo ${name:=zxh}
zxh
zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ name=xiaohui
zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ echo ${name:=zxh}
xiaohui
zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$

变量:+word 如果变量为空则返回空，变量非空，返回word子串。

zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ echo $name

zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ echo ${name:+zxh}

zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ name=xiaohui
zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ echo ${name:+zxh}
zxh
zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$

变量:?errorinfo 如果变量为空则返回errorinfo ,非空则返回变量本身。

zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ echo $name

zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ echo ${name:?null}
bash: name: null
zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ name=xiaohui
zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$ echo ${name:?null}
xiaohui
zxh@zxh-virtual-machine:~$