前端文件下载方法（js）

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已于 2024-03-07 13:06:35 修改

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文章标签：前端 javascript vue.js ajax

于 2024-03-06 14:16:23 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_49039063/article/details/136504755

版权

文章详细介绍了如何在JavaScript中使用Blob对象、Base64编码以及处理跨域问题来实现文件下载，包括从后台接口流、Base64字符串和在线图片URL进行下载的方法。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

根据后台接口文件流下载

//bom参数指定用于生成 Blob 对象的数据的字节顺序标记，如果不提供 bom 参数，那么生成的 Blob 对象将不包含字节顺序标记。
//如果要使用 UTF-8 编码格式生成包含 BOM 的 Blob 对象，可以传递 "\uFEFF" 作为 BOM 参数的值。

function downloadByData(data: BlobPart, filename: string, mime?: string, bom?: BlobPart) {
  const blobData = typeof bom !== 'undefined' ? [bom, data] : [data];
  const blob = new Blob(blobData, { type: mime || 'application/octet-stream' });

  const blobURL = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
  const tempLink = document.createElement('a');
  tempLink.style.display = 'none';
  tempLink.href = blobURL;
  tempLink.setAttribute('download', filename);
  if (typeof tempLink.download === 'undefined') {
    tempLink.setAttribute('target', '_blank');
  }
  document.body.appendChild(tempLink);
  tempLink.click();
  document.body.removeChild(tempLink);
  window.URL.revokeObjectURL(blobURL);
}

根据文件地址下载文件

//封装window.open()

function openWindow(
  url: string,
  opt?: { target?: TargetContext | string; noopener?: boolean; noreferrer?: boolean },
) {
  const { target = '__blank', noopener = true, noreferrer = true } = opt || {};
  const feature: string[] = [];

  noopener && feature.push('noopener=yes');
  noreferrer && feature.push('noreferrer=yes');

  window.open(url, target, feature.join(','));
}
 
//传入文件地址

function downloadByUrl({
  url,
  target = '_blank',
  fileName,
}: {
  url: string;
  target?: TargetContext;
  fileName?: string;
}): boolean {
  const isChrome = window.navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf('chrome') > -1;
  const isSafari = window.navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf('safari') > -1;

  if (/(iP)/g.test(window.navigator.userAgent)) {
    console.error('Your browser does not support download!');
    return false;
  }
  if (isChrome || isSafari) {
    const link = document.createElement('a');
    link.href = url;
    link.target = target;

    if (link.download !== undefined) {
      link.download = fileName || url.substring(url.lastIndexOf('/') + 1, url.length);
    }

    if (document.createEvent) {
      const e = document.createEvent('MouseEvents');
      e.initEvent('click', true, true);
      link.dispatchEvent(e);
      return true;
    }
  }
  if (url.indexOf('?') === -1) {
    url += '?download';
  }

  openWindow(url, { target });
  return true;
}

base64流下载

//base64 转 blob
 
function dataURLtoBlob(base64Buf: string): Blob {
  const arr = base64Buf.split(',');
  const typeItem = arr[0];
  const mime = typeItem.match(/:(.*?);/)![1];
  const bstr = window.atob(arr[1]);
  let n = bstr.length;
  const u8arr = new Uint8Array(n);
  while (n--) {
    u8arr[n] = bstr.charCodeAt(n);
  }
  return new Blob([u8arr], { type: mime });
}

//传入文件流

function downloadByData(data: BlobPart, filename: string, mime?: string, bom?: BlobPart) {
  const blobData = typeof bom !== 'undefined' ? [bom, data] : [data];
  const blob = new Blob(blobData, { type: mime || 'application/octet-stream' });

  const blobURL = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
  const tempLink = document.createElement('a');
  tempLink.style.display = 'none';
  tempLink.href = blobURL;
  tempLink.setAttribute('download', filename);
  if (typeof tempLink.download === 'undefined') {
    tempLink.setAttribute('target', '_blank');
  }
  document.body.appendChild(tempLink);
  tempLink.click();
  document.body.removeChild(tempLink);
  window.URL.revokeObjectURL(blobURL);
}

//下载

function downloadByBase64(buf: string, filename: string, mime?: string, bom?: BlobPart) {
  const base64Buf = dataURLtoBlob(buf);
  downloadByData(base64Buf, filename, mime, bom);
}

图片Url下载 (如果有跨域问题，需要处理图片跨域)

//图片url 转 base64

function urlToBase64(url: string, mineType?: string): Promise<string> {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    let canvas = document.createElement('CANVAS') as Nullable<HTMLCanvasElement>;
    const ctx = canvas!.getContext('2d');

    const img = new Image();
    img.crossOrigin = '';
    img.onload = function () {
      if (!canvas || !ctx) {
        return reject();
      }
      canvas.height = img.height;
      canvas.width = img.width;
      ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
      const dataURL = canvas.toDataURL(mineType || 'image/png');
      canvas = null;
      resolve(dataURL);
    };
    img.src = url;
  });
}

//base64 转 blob

function dataURLtoBlob(base64Buf: string): Blob {
  const arr = base64Buf.split(',');
  const typeItem = arr[0];
  const mime = typeItem.match(/:(.*?);/)![1];
  const bstr = window.atob(arr[1]);
  let n = bstr.length;
  const u8arr = new Uint8Array(n);
  while (n--) {
    u8arr[n] = bstr.charCodeAt(n);
  }
  return new Blob([u8arr], { type: mime });
}

//传入blob 文件流

function downloadByData(data: BlobPart, filename: string, mime?: string, bom?: BlobPart) {
  const blobData = typeof bom !== 'undefined' ? [bom, data] : [data];
  const blob = new Blob(blobData, { type: mime || 'application/octet-stream' });

  const blobURL = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
  const tempLink = document.createElement('a');
  tempLink.style.display = 'none';
  tempLink.href = blobURL;
  tempLink.setAttribute('download', filename);
  if (typeof tempLink.download === 'undefined') {
    tempLink.setAttribute('target', '_blank');
  }
  document.body.appendChild(tempLink);
  tempLink.click();
  document.body.removeChild(tempLink);
  window.URL.revokeObjectURL(blobURL);
}

//下载

function downloadByBase64(buf: string, filename: string, mime?: string, bom?: BlobPart) {
  const base64Buf = dataURLtoBlob(buf);
  downloadByData(base64Buf, filename, mime, bom);
}

//下载

function downloadByOnlineUrl(url: string, filename: string, mime?: string, bom?: BlobPart) {
  urlToBase64(url).then((base64) => {
    downloadByBase64(base64, filename, mime, bom);
  });
}