使用java实现队列

队列的概念：队列和栈类似，都属于线性逻辑数据结构，与栈不同的是。队列中的元素是先进先出（First In First Out，简称FIFO）的。队列的出口断叫做队头，队列的入口端叫做队尾。队列和栈一样可以用数组实现，也可以用链表实现。用数组实现的叫做顺序队列，用链表实现的叫做链式队列。

数组实现

public class ArrayQueue<T> {
    private int length;
    private T[] array;
    private int size = 0;

    public ArrayQueue(int length) {
        this.length = length;
        this.array = (T[]) new Object[length];
    }

    public ArrayQueue() {
        this(16);
    }

    /**
     * 入队
     * @param param 入队参数
     */
    public void inQueue(T param){
        if (size >= length){
            throw new RuntimeException("The queue is full");
        }
        array[size] = param;
        size++;
    }

    /**
     * 出队
     * @return 出队的数据
     */
    public T outQueue(){
        if (size <= 0){
            throw new RuntimeException("The queue is null");
        }
        T result = array[0];
        // 可用System.arraycopy()替代
        for (int i = 0; i < size-1; i++) {
            array[i] = array[i+1];
        }
        size--;
        return result;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayQueue<String> stringArrayQueue = new ArrayQueue<>();
        stringArrayQueue.inQueue("s");
        stringArrayQueue.inQueue("o");
        stringArrayQueue.inQueue("u");
        stringArrayQueue.inQueue("t");

        System.out.println(stringArrayQueue.outQueue());
        System.out.println(stringArrayQueue.outQueue());
        System.out.println(stringArrayQueue.outQueue());
        System.out.println(stringArrayQueue.outQueue());

    }
}

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链表实现

public class Node<T> {
    public T data;
    public Node<T> next;

    public Node(T data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
}

public class LinkedListQueue<E> {
    private Node<E> head;
    private Node<E> tail;
    private int size = 0;

    /**
     * 入队
     * @param e 入队参数
     */
    public void inQueue(E e){
        final Node<E> temp = tail;
        final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(e);
        tail = newNode;
        if (temp == null){
            head = newNode;
        }else{
            temp.next = newNode;
        }
        size++;
    }

    /**
     * 出队
     * @return 出队数据值
     */
    public E outQueue(){
        if (size <= 0){
            throw new NullPointerException("The queue is null");
        }
        Node<E> oldHead = head;
        head = head.next;
        oldHead.next = null;
        size--;
        return oldHead.data;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LinkedListQueue<Integer> listQueue = new LinkedListQueue<>();
        listQueue.inQueue(1);
        listQueue.inQueue(2);
        listQueue.inQueue(3);
        listQueue.inQueue(4);
        System.out.println(listQueue.outQueue());
        System.out.println(listQueue.outQueue());
        System.out.println(listQueue.outQueue());
        System.out.println(listQueue.outQueue());
        System.out.println(listQueue.outQueue());
    }
}

时间复杂度：入队和出队都是O(1)