Docker 安装、卸载、阿里云镜像加速配置使用、Docker 常用命令

Docker 安装

Docker的基本构成

镜像（image）：

容器（container）：

仓库（repository）：

存放镜像的地方

仓库分为共有仓库和私有仓库

安装Docker

环境查看

[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z /]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64
[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z /]# cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

安装

# 1、卸载旧版本
yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine
                  
# 2、需要的安装包
 yum install -y yum-utils
 
 # 3、设置镜像的仓库
 yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
 
 # 更新yum软件包索引
  yum magecache fast
 
 # 4、安装docker相关的
 yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
 
 # 5、启动Docke
 systemctl start docker
 # 6、 docker version 查看安装成功
 
 # 7、hello-world
 docker run hello-world
 
 # 8、查看hello-world镜像
 docker images

卸载：

# 1、卸载依赖
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

# 2、删除资源
rm -rf /var/lib/docker

# /var/lib/docker  docker 默认工作路径

阿里云镜像加速：

配置使用

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://09ehmoax.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl restart docker

Docker 常用命令

帮助命令

docker version 		# 显示docker版本信息
docker info 		# 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容量的数量
docker --help 		# 万能命令

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        7 months ago        13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY  镜像的仓库源
TAG 		镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 	镜像的id
CREATED 	镜像的创建时间
SIZE 		镜像的大小

#可选项
-a, --all             # 列出所有的镜像         
-q, --quiet           # 只显示镜像的Id

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z /]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9810                [OK]                
mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3582                [OK]       

# 可选项	
--filter=stars=3000 #搜索出来的镜像就是stats大于3000的

docker pull下载镜像

# docker pull 镜像名[:tag] 
[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest  #如果不写tag 默认就是latest 最新版
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker images的核心 联合文件系统
8254623a9871: Pull complete 
938e3e06dac4: Pull complete 
ea28ebf28884: Pull complete 
f3cef38785c2: Pull complete 
894f9792565a: Pull complete 
1d8a57523420: Pull complete 
6c676912929f: Pull complete 
ff39fdb566b4: Pull complete 
fff872988aba: Pull complete 
4d34e365ae68: Pull complete 
7886ee20621e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:c358e72e100ab493a0304bda35e6f239db2ec8c9bb836d8a427ac34307d074ed # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址

# 指定版本下载
[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Already exists 
8254623a9871: Already exists 
938e3e06dac4: Already exists 
ea28ebf28884: Already exists 
f3cef38785c2: Already exists 
894f9792565a: Already exists 
1d8a57523420: Already exists 
5f09bf1d31c1: Pull complete 
1b6ff254abe7: Pull complete 
74310a0bf42d: Pull complete 
d398726627fd: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:da58f943b94721d46e87d5de208dc07302a8b13e638cd1d24285d222376d6d84
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除

docker rmi -f 718a6da099d8    #删除指定容器  718a6da099d8 =  镜像id
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id   #删除多个容器  
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部容器

容器命令

说明：有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux，下载一个CentOS

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name="Name"   容器名称tomcat01  tomcat02，用来区分容器
-d				后台方式运行
-it				使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p				指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
	-p 主机端口:容器端口
	-p 容器端口
-P				随机指定端口

# 启动并进入容器
[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@4bc0a467a05c /]# 
[root@4bc0a467a05c /]# ls # 查看容器内的CentOS
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 从容其中退回主机
[root@4bc0a467a05c /]# exit
exit
[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z /]# ls
bin   dev  home  lib64       media  opt    proc  run   srv  tmp  var

列出所有的启动容器

# docker ps 命令
-a  # 列出带历史运行过的容器
-n=? #显示最近创建的容器
[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
4bc0a467a05c        centos              "/bin/bash"         12 minutes ago      Exited (0) About a minute ago                       ecstatic_margulis
2bf75c9cf975        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago                        recursing_mcnulty

退出容器

exit  #直接退出并停止容器运行
Ctrl + p + q # 容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id 					# 删除指定的容器   不能删除正在运行的   强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)	 # 删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id   #启动容器
docker restart 容器id
docker stop 容器id	#停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id 	# 强行停止当前容器

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

docker run -d 镜像名
# docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程
# docker 发现没有应用 就会停止

查看日志

# 显示日志
-tf				# 显示日志
--tail number 	# 要显示日志的条数
docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器id

查看容器中进程信息

[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z /]# docker top cc07f1b4838b
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                27309               27292               0                   14:12               pts/0               00:00:00 

查看镜像的元数据

# 命令
docker inspect 容器id

# 测试
[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z /]# docker inspect cc07f1b4838b
[
    {
        "Id": "cc07f1b4838b5d372d8f681d512d5c483206e3909dbbbf30fa5dd25a8a1ed541",
        "Created": "2020-08-08T06:12:29.159082716Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 27309,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-08-08T06:12:29.417791492Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cc07f1b4838b5d372d8f681d512d5c483206e3909dbbbf30fa5dd25a8a1ed541/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cc07f1b4838b5d372d8f681d512d5c483206e3909dbbbf30fa5dd25a8a1ed541/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cc07f1b4838b5d372d8f681d512d5c483206e3909dbbbf30fa5dd25a8a1ed541/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cc07f1b4838b5d372d8f681d512d5c483206e3909dbbbf30fa5dd25a8a1ed541/cc07f1b4838b5d372d8f681d512d5c483206e3909dbbbf30fa5dd25a8a1ed541-json.log",
        "Name": "/awesome_wozniak",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0080aaeb21f96f91587b64f8373cee3ff04a3f896c295a9d43c7c628873e7f54-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/80e4d2ddc22f8ebb1d552f638897150f672e433bc7449bf68c66d7f962774ffa/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0080aaeb21f96f91587b64f8373cee3ff04a3f896c295a9d43c7c628873e7f54/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0080aaeb21f96f91587b64f8373cee3ff04a3f896c295a9d43c7c628873e7f54/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0080aaeb21f96f91587b64f8373cee3ff04a3f896c295a9d43c7c628873e7f54/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "cc07f1b4838b",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "c659e28c57d6dd450875d11a869071e99aef079499421b83786eb28dea75fb08",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/c659e28c57d6",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "31fc15767bd3a17679c0c72733b0d771ceaafa963d94dd3eb254276e7b0cfbf5",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "27ef45bb44f6090e2859cfb7d1250dd435b913887dbf875e1aa75622bdd6d1f2",
                    "EndpointID": "31fc15767bd3a17679c0c72733b0d771ceaafa963d94dd3eb254276e7b0cfbf5",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash

# 测试
[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z /]# docker ps   # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
cc07f1b4838b        centos              "/bin/bash"         12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes                           awesome_wozniak
[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z /]# docker exec -it cc07f1b4838b  /bin/bash
[root@cc07f1b4838b /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@cc07f1b4838b /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 06:12 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        14     0  0 06:24 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        28    14  0 06:25 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef

# 方式二
docker attach 容器id   # 进入容器正在执行的终端  不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机

# 命令
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径


# 进入docker容器内部
[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z ~]# docker attach cc07f1b4838b
[root@cc07f1b4838b home]# cd /
[root@cc07f1b4838b /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@cc07f1b4838b /]# cd home

# 在容器内新建一个文件
[root@cc07f1b4838b home]# touch yyy.java
[root@cc07f1b4838b home]# ls
yyy.java
[root@cc07f1b4838b home]# exit
exit
[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
cc07f1b4838b        centos              "/bin/bash"         28 minutes ago      Exited (0) 12 seconds ago                       awesome_wozniak

# 将这文件复制出来到主机上
[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z home]# docker cp cc07f1b4838b:/home/yyy.java /home
[root@iZkij581tjkmo7Z home]# ls
www  yyy.java