枚举

枚举类的使用

• 枚举类的理解: 类的对象只有有限个, 确定的, 我们称此类为枚举类

• 当需要定义一组常量时, 强烈建议使用枚举类

• 如果枚举类中只有一个对象, 则可以作为单例模式的实现方式

如何定义枚举类

• JDK5.0之前, 自定义枚举类

class Season{
    //1.声明Season对象的属性private final
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;
    //2.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String seasonName, String seasonDesc){
		this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }
	//3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象public static final
    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天", "春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天", "夏日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天", "秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天", "冬天很冷");
    //4.其他诉求1:获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName(){
        return seasonName;
    }
    public String getSeasonDesc(){
        return seasonDesc;
    }
    //4.其他诉求2:提供toString
    @Override
    public String toString(){
        return "Season{"+
            	""....................
    }
}

public class SeasonTest{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Season spring = Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);
    }
}

• JDK5.0, 可以使用enum关键字定义枚举类

enum Season {
    //1.提供当前枚举类的多个对象,逗号隔开,分号结束
    SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天", "冬天很冷");
    //2.声明Season对象的属性private final
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;
    //3.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String seasonName, String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //4.其他诉求1:获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName(){
        return seasonName;
    }
    public String getSeasonDesc(){
        return seasonDesc;
    }
    //5.其他诉求2:提供toString

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season spring = Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);
        //查看枚举类有几个状态
        Season[] values = Season.values();
        for (int i=0; i<values.length; i++){
            System.out.println(values[i]);
        }
        //valueOf(String ObjName:返回枚举类中对象名是objName的对象
        Season winter = Season.valueOf("WINTER");
        System.out.println(winter);//如果没有找到, 则抛异常
    }
}

• 枚举类连接接口

interface Info{
    void show();
}
enum Season implements Info{
    //1.提供当前枚举类的多个对象,逗号隔开,分号结束
    SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("春天在哪里");
        }
    },
    SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("宁夏");
        }
    },
    AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("秋天不回来");
        }
    },
    WINTER("冬天", "冬天很冷"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("大约在冬季");
        }
    };
    //2.声明Season对象的属性private final
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;
    //3.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String seasonName, String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //4.其他诉求1:获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName(){
        return seasonName;
    }
    public String getSeasonDesc(){
        return seasonDesc;
    }
    //5.其他诉求2:提供toString

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

//    @Override
//    public void show() {
//        System.out.println("这是一个季节");
//    }
}
class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season spring = Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);
        Season[] values = Season.values();
        for (int i=0; i<values.length; i++){
            System.out.println(values[i]);
            values[i].show;
        }
        //valueOf(String ObjName:返回枚举类中对象名是objName的对象
        Season winter = Season.valueOf("WINTER");
        System.out.println(winter);
        //调用接口的方法
        spring.show();
        winter.show();
    }
}