Python Class 7：用户输入和while循环

目录

7.1 input

1.编写程序

2.int数值输入

3.求模运算

7.2 while循环 

1.使用while循环

2.选择退出

3.使用标志

4.break

5.continue

6.避免无限循环

7.3 处理列表与字典

1.在列表间移动元素

2.删除包含特定值的所有列表元素

3.使用用户输入填充字典

作业

---

7.1 input

input让程序暂停运行，等待用户输入文本，用户输入后将其内容存储在变量中

message=input('tell me something,and i will repeat it back to you: ')
print(message)

tell me something,and i will repeat it back to you: hello
hello

1.编写程序

name=input('please enter your name: ')
print('hello '+name)

please enter your name: eric
hello eric

当提示内容过多时，可使用+=运算符

prompt='if you tell us who you are,we can personalize the message you see.'
prompt+='\nWhat is your first name?'

name=input(prompt)
print('hello '+name)

if you tell us who you are,we can personalize the message you see.
What is your first name?eric
hello eric

2.int数值输入

input输入内容为字符串，当需输入数值时，使用int

>>>age=input('how old are you? ')
age=int(age)
print(age)

how old are you? 23
23

3.求模运算

%将两数相除返回余数

>>> 4%3
1
>>> 5%2
1
>>> 10%3
1

利用该运算符可以判断一个数是奇数还是偶数

number=input("enter a number,i will tell you if it's even or odd: ")
number=int(number)

if number%2==0:
 print("this number is even")
else:
 print("this number is odd")

7.2 while循环 

1.使用while循环

原理与C语言中while循环类似

current_number=1
while current_number<=5:
	print(current_number)
	current_number+=1

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2.选择退出

message=('tell me something, and i will repeat it back to you: ')
message+="\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "

key=''

while key !='quit':
	key=input(message)
	print(key)
#输出
tell me something, and i will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. hello
hello
tell me something, and i will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. nihao
nihao
tell me something, and i will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. quit
quit

3.使用标志

实际上，可以结束程序的情况有很多种，但在一条while语句中实现较难

在要求很多条件都满足才继续运行的程序中，可定义一个变量，用于判断整个程序是否处于活动状态。这个变量被称为标志。

prompt=('tell me something, and i will repeat it back to you: ')
prompt+="\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "

active=True

while active:
 message=input(prompt)
 if message=="quit":
      active=False
 else:
      print(message)

4.break

可以跳出while循环5.

prompt="\nEnter you favorite city: "
prompt+="\nEnter 'quit' when you are finished. "

while True:
	city=input(prompt)
	if city=='quit':
		break
	else:
		print("i like "+city)


Enter you favorite city:
Enter 'quit' when you are finished. beijing
i like beijing

Enter you favorite city:
Enter 'quit' when you are finished. quit

5.continue

要返回到循环开头，并根据条件测试结果决定是否继续执行循环，可使用 continue 语句，它不像 break 语句那样不再执行余下的代码并退出整个循环。

current_number=0

while current_number<10:
	current_number+=1
	if current_number%2==0:
		continue     #返回到循环开头
		
	print(current_number)

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6.避免无限循环

while循环必须设置结束条件，否则将陷入无限循环

x=1
while x<5:
	print(x)

7.3 处理列表与字典

1.在列表间移动元素

unconfirmed_users=['curry','james','paul']
confirmed_users=[]

while unconfirmed_users:
	current_user=unconfirmed_users.pop()   #pop()移除列表元素，并返回该元素值
	
	print("verifying user: "+current_user.title())
	confirmed_users.append(current_user)
	 
print("the following users have been confirmed")
for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:
	print(confirmed_user.title())

verifying user: Paul
verifying user: James
verifying user: Curry
the following users have been confirmed
Paul
James
Curry

2.删除包含特定值的所有列表元素

remove()可以删除列表中的特定值，但若特定值多次出现，需使用循环

pets=['dog','cat','cat','tigger','bird','cat','monkey']
print(pets)
while 'cat' in pets:
	pets.remove('cat')

['dog', 'cat', 'cat', 'tigger', 'bird', 'cat', 'monkey']
['dog', 'tigger', 'bird', 'monkey']

3.使用用户输入填充字典

responses={}

active=True

while active:	
	name=input("\nWhat's your name? ")							
	response=input("do you like drinking? ")	
	responses[name]=response									
	repeat=input("\nAre there any questions left?(yes/no) ")	
	if repeat=='no':
		active=False
print("--survey results--")
for name,response in responses.items():
	print(name+' say: '+response)

What's your name? kite
do you like drinking? yes

Are there any questions left?(yes/no) yes

What's your name? pete
do you like drinking? no

Are there any questions left?(yes/no) yes

What's your name? cun
do you like drinking? no

Are there any questions left?(yes/no) no
--survey results--
kite say: yes
pete say: no
cun say: no

注：Python注释无法使用汉字，在文件开头写上如下代码可解决

# -- coding: utf-8 --

作业

1. 编写一个程序，询问用户要租赁什么样的汽车，并打印一条消息

car=input("What kind of car do you want? ")
print("let me see if i can find you a "+car)
#结果

 #What kind of car do you want? subaru
 #let me see if i can find you a subaru

2.编写一个程序，询问用户有多少人用餐。如果超过8人，就打印一条消息，指出没有空桌；否则指出有空桌。

number=input("How many people are there for?")
number=int(number)
if number > 8:
	print("\nWe don't have any vacant seats")
else:
	print("\nAll right, I have a spare")

3.让用户输入一个数字，并指出这个数字是否是10的整数倍。

number=input('please enter a number: ')
number=int(number)

if number % 10==0:
	print("This number is an integer multiple of 10")
else:
	print("This number isn't an integer multiple of 10")

4.编写一个循环，提示用户输入一系列的比萨配料，并在用户输入'quit' 时结束循环。每当用户输入一种配料后，都打印一条消息，说我们会在比萨中添加这种配料。

prompt="What ingredients are needed?"
active=True
while active:
	pizza=input(prompt)
	if pizza=='quit':
		active=False
	else:
		print("\nWe're going to add this ingredient")
	print("\n")

5.有家电影院根据观众的年龄收取不同的票价：不到3岁的观众免费；3~12岁的观众为10美元；超过12岁的观众为15美元。请编写一个循环，在其中询问用户的年龄，并指出其票价。

prompt="How old are you?"

while True:
	age=input(prompt)
	age=int(age)
	if age <3:
		print("free")
	elif age <12:
		print("10 yuan")
	else:
		print("15 yuan")
	print("\n")

6.编写一个没完没了的循环，并运行它

number=12

while True:
	number+=1
	print(number)

7.创建一个名为sandwich_orders 的列表，在其中包含各种三明治的名字；再创建一个名为finished_sandwiches 的空列表。遍历列表sandwich_orders ，对于其中的每种三明治，都打印一条消息，如I made your tuna sandwich ，并将其移到列表finished_sandwiches 。所有三明治都制作好后，打印一条消息，将这些三明治列出来。

sandwich_orders=['beef','chicken','tomato']
finished_sandwiches=[]

while sandwich_orders:
	making_sandwich=sandwich_orders.pop()
	print("i made your "+making_sandwich+" sandwich\n")
	finished_sandwiches.append(making_sandwich)
print(finished_sandwiches)

8.使用为完成练习7-8而创建的列表sandwich_orders ，并确保'pastrami' 在其中至少出现了三次。在程序开头附近添加这样的代码：打印一条消息，指出熟食店的五香烟熏牛肉卖完了；再使用一个while 循环将列表sandwich_orders 中的'pastrami' 都删除。确认最终的列表finished_sandwiches 中不包含'pastrami'

sandwich_orders=['beef','pastrami','chicken','tomato','pastrami']
finished_sandwiches=[]
print(sandwich_orders)
print("we have not pastrami sandwich\n")

while sandwich_orders:
	making_sandwich=sandwich_orders.pop()
	if making_sandwich=='pastrami':
		sandwich_orders.remove('pastrami')
	else:
		print("i made your "+making_sandwich+" sandwich\n")
		finished_sandwiches.append(making_sandwich)
print(finished_sandwiches)

#['beef', 'pastrami', 'chicken', 'tomato', 'pastrami']
#we have not pastrami sandwich

#i made your tomato sandwich

#i made your beef sandwich

#['tomato', 'chicken', 'beef']

9.编写一个程序，调查用户梦想的度假胜地。使用类似于“If you could visit one placein the world, where would you go?”的提示，并编写一个打印调查结果的代码块。

question="can i ask your a question?"
answer={}

active=True

while active:
	decison=input(question)
	if decison=='yes':
		name=input("what's your name?\n")
		place=input("If you could visit one placein the world, where would you go?\n")
		answer[name]=place
	else:
		active=False
print("\n")
for key,value in answer.items():
	print(key+" like "+value)