新概念英语2 语法

Lesson1 A private conversation

简单陈述句的构成——核心

• 名词 + 动词
• （n. + v.）
• 主语 + 谓语v. + ？ The play was __
  • The play was intersting

简单陈述句的构成——变化

• Boys talk.
• Boys were talking  
• Lovely boys were talking loudly   形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词（此处lovely为动词）
• Yesterday after class lovely boys were talking loudly about the exam in the classroom.

简单陈述句的变化——谓语动词的变化（时态，语态，情态，否定）

• They were talking loudly.
• It was bought by my grandfather.
• I could not hear the actiors.
• I did not enjoy it.

简单陈述句——分类

• They meet.         主谓     Vi.不及物

• I love you.           主谓宾   Vi.及物
• I tell you a secret.        主谓双宾（Lesson3）
• I find you intersting.     主谓宾补（Lesson4）
• You are beautiful.         主系表  

1. be动词（单独出现）
2. get become turn go grow  "变得"
3. look sound smell taste feel 

拓展

不规则变化的动词

go went gone

have had had having 

do did done 

be was/were been

sit sat sat 

get got gottten

pay paid paid 

bear bore borne 

say said said 

Lesson 2  Breakfast or lunch？

时态

• 何为时态？

表示动作的时间和状态，例如现在进行时，时间上为现在的事，状态是正在进行

• 如何体现？

体现在谓语动词的变化，例如did表示过去式 ，变成have done就是现在完成时，变成am is are + doing 就是现在进行时。

• 时态的种类？（十六种）

1.一般现在时

谓语v. = 原型/ 第三人称单数（do/does）     

第三人称单数 1.He、She、It    2.可数名词单数   3.不可数名词

• I tell you a scret 
• He tells you secret.
• Your friend tells you a secsret.

用法1：表示经常性习惯性的动作

• We hava the English class every day.
• I nerver  get up early on Sundays.
• I sometimes  stay  in bed until lunchtime
• He often gets up late.

频率副词：always, usually ,frequently, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely,  hardly, never

用法2：表示现在的状态

• I am a teacher.
• It is one o' clock.

用法3：表示永恒（科学事实、客观真理、名言警句）

• The earth is round.
• The earth moves around the sun.
• Practice makes perfact.

2.一般现在时 变否定疑问

	Be 动词	动词原型	第三人称单数
原句	He is happy.	You like English.	He Likes English.
否定	He is not happy.	You do not like English.	He does not like English.
疑问	Is he happy?	Do you like English?	Does you like English?
特殊疑问	How is he?	What do you like?	What does he like?

3.现在进行时

谓语v. = an / is / are + doing

用法1：表示现在正在进行的事 

• I am having break fast Now.（狭义的：现在正在做）
• J.K. Rowling is writing another book this year. （广义上的：现阶段都在做的事情）

用法2：表示确定要发生的将来

• I am coming to see you.
• We are arriving at...
• The old man is dying.

4.现在进行时 变否定疑问

• He is listening.
• He is not listening.
• Is he listening?
• What is he doing?

5.感叹句

1. What + n./n.词组！        

• What a day！
• What a beautiful world！

1. How + adj./adv.！

• How intersting！  

6.拓展

It

表示时间

• It was Sunday. /It' s one o' clock!

表示日期

• It was dark outside. / It's raining again.

表示陌生人

• It was my aunt lucy.

不规则变化动词：

• think     thought   thought                              
• ring       rang        rung
• come    came       come   coming 

Lesson 3 Please send me a card

1.一般过去时

• 形式：V.过去式（did）
• 用法：Last summer Iwent to Italy.
• 考点1：上下文中有过的时间   考点2：上下文中有过去发生的动作。
• Mary and I talked (talk) about your book hours ago.
• They had（have）a meeting yesterday.  
• Tom was(be) a student when he was ten years old.

2.一般过去时 变否定、疑问

例1：

• You were happy.
• You were not happy.
• Were you happy?

例2：

• They had meeting.
• They did not have a meeting.   (加did 并且had 变回原型)
• Did they have a meeting？

3.拓展

• teach sb sth = teach sth to sb   Af friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian
• lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. Then he lent me a book

主谓双宾  (人+物）

• Then he lent me a book 

那些及物动词（vt.）能接双宾语？

能同时接人加物

• send,teach,lend,give,ask ,tell, offer...
• cook,buy,get,make,write,bring,show...

双宾语动词 + sb. + sth.  = 双宾语动词 + sth. + to / for + sb. (动作用to ， 为某人用for表目的)

Lesson 4  An Exciting trip 

1.现在完成时

若想表示现在的之前发生过的事情或是现在的之前直到现在持续做的事情可用。

形式：have/has + done(v.过去分词)   第三人称的情况下使用has

用法：强调现在的之前

例子：1.He has finished the homework. 他完成了寒假作业 （已经完成）  

           2. We have learned English for ten years.   我们学习英语长达十年了 (持续的做)

2.现在完成时变疑问句

• He has finished the homework.
• He has not finished the homework.
• Has he finished the homework?
• What has he done? 

搭配  

• have/has +just/already/ever/never +done

3.同位语

作用：为句子做解释说明，可为单词或句子

• 例1：I have just received aletter from my brother, Tim.
• He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.

4.拓展

表示许多大量：

• 可数：a great/large number of...
• 不可数：a great deal of...

去了/去过

•  have gone to... 去了（去了未归）
• have been to... 去过 （往返）

现在完成时 常搭配：

• just  / already /ever （曾经）/never（从不）
• yet   
• so far / up to now / before / lately（最近）
• for + 一段时间

Lesson 5 No wrong numbers

1.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在的之前全部完成，可以换成一般过去时

• He has finished the homework.
• He finished the homework.

现在的之前部分完成 不可换成一般过去时

一般情况下需考虑强调的重点，需要强调过去的动作可用一般过去时，若是强调过去的动作对现在的影响可用现在完成时候。

2.拓展

• Up to now / yo till now / so far  截止目前   需搭配现在完成时
• One ... the one   一个到另一个
• Some ... others 一些...另一些
• From  （） to （） 从哪里到哪里，从几点到几点都可用
• own adj. 拥有的   强调单独拥有   This my own room 强调这是我单独拥有的房间

一般过去时常搭配：

• last year / month...
• ten days ago 
• yesterday /this morning 

way 短语

• In this way   用这种方法
• in the way 挡路了  /  out of the way  
• On the way 去什么的路上
• By the way 顺便提一句
• In a way 某种程度上来说