SpringBoot项目traceId生成/日志打印

于 2020-11-29 12:29:17 发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_50140502/article/details/110309155
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本文介绍了如何在SpringBoot项目中实现traceId，以解决多线程日志难以关联的问题。通过使用MDC（Mapped Diagnostic Context），在请求开始时设置traceId，结束时清除，确保每个请求都有唯一的标识。文中提供了Filter和Interceptor两种实现方式，并展示了如何将traceId添加到日志打印中，以及处理异步方法时保持traceId的一致性。此外，还讨论了如何在响应DTO中返回traceId，便于前端展示和追踪请求。
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参考文章 : W3C_0101博文链接

前言
查看服务日志时，当服务被调过于频繁，日志刷新太快，会影响到联调、测试、线上问题的排查效率，能不能为每一个请求的日志打一个唯一标识呢？后面使用该表示去匹配，直接检索出该请求的日志？引入本文的正题，“traceId”。

image
MDC
MDC定义 Mapped Diagnostic Context，即：映射诊断环境。

MDC是 log4j 和 logback 提供的一种方便在多线程条件下记录日志的功能。

MDC 可以看成是一个与当前线程绑定的哈希表，可以往其中添加键值对。

MDC的使用方法

​ 向MDC设置值：MDC.put(key, value);

​ 从MDC中取值：MDC.get(key);

​ 将MDC中的内容打印到日志中：%X{key};

初始化TraceId并向MDC设置值
这里主要是利用切面，方法执行前设置MDC，方法执行后擦除MDC。具体实现方式有很多，如过滤器、拦截器、AOP等等。个人比较推荐Filter实现，因为Filter是请求最先碰到的，也是响应给前端前最后一个碰到的。

过滤器实现
@Slf4j
@WebFilter(filterName = “traceIdFilter”, urlPatterns = “/*”)
@Order(0)
@Component
public class TraceIdFilter implements Filter {
/**
* 日志跟踪标识
*/
public static final String TRACE_ID = “TRACE_ID”;

@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) {
}

@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain)
        throws IOException, ServletException {
    MDC.put(TRACE_ID, UUID.randomUUID().toString());
    filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
}

@Override
public void destroy() {
    MDC.clear();
}

}
拦截器实现
@Component
public class TraceIdInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {
private static final String TRACE_ID = “TRACE_ID”;

@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
    MDC.put(TRACE_ID, UUID.randomUUID().toString());
    return true;
}

@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, @Nullable Exception ex) {
    MDC.clear();
}

}

@Configuration
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { 

@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
    registry.addInterceptor(new TraceIdInterceptor());
}

}
日志打印配置pattern中配置traceId
与之前的相比只是添加了[%X{TRACE_ID}]， [%X{***}]是一个模板，中间属性名是我们使用MDC put进去的。

%d{yyyy-MM-dd} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - [%X{TRACE_ID}] - %msg%n
异步方法的日志打印traceId
异步方法会开启一个新线程，我们想要是异步方法和主线程共用同一个traceId，首先先新建一个任务适配器MdcTaskDecorator。

public class MdcTaskDecorator implements TaskDecorator {
@Override
public Runnable decorate(Runnable runnable) {
Map<String, String> map = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();
return () -> {
try {
MDC.setContextMap(map);
String traceId = MDC.get(TRACE_ID);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(traceId)) {
traceId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
MDC.put(TRACE_ID, traceId);
}
runnable.run();
} finally {
MDC.clear();
}
};
}
}
在线程池配置中增加executor.setTaskDecorator(new MdcTaskDecorator())的设置

@EnableAsync
@Configuration
public class ThreadPoolConfig {
private int corePoolSize = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() + 1;
private int maxPoolSize = corePoolSize * 2;
private static final int queueCapacity = 50;
private static final int keepAliveSeconds = 30;

@Bean(name = "threadPoolTaskExecutor")
public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor threadPoolTaskExecutor() {
    ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
    executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize);
    executor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);
    executor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity);
    executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(keepAliveSeconds);
    executor.setTaskDecorator(new MdcTaskDecorator());
    executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
    return executor;
}

}
使用指定的线程池执行业务代码

@Async(“threadPoolTaskExecutor”)
public void testThreadPoolTaskExecutor(){
log.info(“Async 测试一下”);
}
在响应DTO中返回traceId

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class RetResult { 

private Integer code;

private String msg;

private T data;

private String traceId;

public RetResult(Integer code, String msg, T data) {
    this.code = code;
    this.msg = msg;
    this.data = data;
    this.traceId = MDC.get(TRACE_ID);
}

public static <T> RetResult<T> success(T t) {
    return new RetResult<>(RetCode.SUCCESS.getCode(), "ok", t);
}

public static <T> RetResult<T> success() {
    return new RetResult<>(RetCode.SUCCESS.getCode(), "ok", null);
}

public static <T> RetResult<T> fail() {
    return new RetResult<>(RetCode.FAIL.getCode(), "fail", null);
}

public static <T> RetResult<T> fail(String msg) {
    return new RetResult<>(RetCode.FAIL.getCode(), msg, null);
}

public static <T> RetResult<T> fail(Integer code, String msg) {
    return new RetResult<>(code, msg, null);
}

}
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