Linux初学者笔记

一.Linux

Highly recommend:

Linux Command Search

1.Essence

A kernel based on UNIX

2.Introduction

Linux Operating System

1).Hardware equipment

2).Software equipment(system) ——> Background process

​ management，Task manager

3).System memory(physics、fictitious):

​ RAM(Random-access memory)

4).Document management system: Delete or Editing

​ Supported file system type:

ext,  ext2, ext3, ext4(support journal;current fashion)
hpfs, iso9660, JFS 
minix, msdos
ncpfs, nfs, ntfs
proc, Reiserfs
smb, sysv, umsdos
vfat XFS, xiafs

For details: Ubuntu20.04

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3.Type

GUI Desktop CLI Server

GUI(Graphical User Interface)

CLI(Command Line Interface)

4.Version

Common derivation:

Debian/Fedora/OpenSUSE(Germany)

Debian: Ubuntu/Kali

Fedora: Red Hat/Centos(common)

二.GNU

GNU(/g ə’ nu:/: GNU‘s Not Unix)

1.Essence

Mirror and imitation of UNIX system software

Core utilities: Software packages for Linux

2.Introduction

GNU tool

As: Notepad，All kinds of software or Hardware

GNU tool plus Linux kernel ——> GNU/Linux == Linux

3.Core utilities

Include:

1).File management equipment

2).Document editing equipment

3).Background process management

4.CLI Shell

The command line shell provides a Command Line Interface (CLS)

Graphical shell provides a Graphical Users Interface (GUI)

bash shell(common)

ZSH shell(Common in MacOS(based on UNIX))

ZSH include: ash/Korn/TCSH

三.GUI

1.X Windows

2.KDE/GNOME

Kool Desktop Environment KUBUNTU

Free graphical working environment and desktop suites popular on

Linux, Unix and FreeBSD operating systems

Gnome is the default desktop environment of Fedora

Ubuntu has used an earlier version of the Gnome desktop solution

3.Unity

It is Ubuntu’s own desktop environment solution(shell)

Unlike Gnome and KDE SC, Unity is not a desktop suite

四.File system

1.File Parsing

Hierarchy standard for details: Click here to enter

Filename	Fuction
etc	System configuration file
home	Main directory/Show all users
lib	Library directory
mnt	Mount directory/Peripherals connection
run	Run directory
tmp	Temporary directory
var	Variable directory/ as: Store log
boot	Startup directory
media	Optional catalog/Store third-party software
root	Manager
bin	Binary directory /Store common system command tools such as ls
sbin	System binary directory/GNU Advanced Administrator Tool
srv	Local service
usr	Users binary directory/GNU tool
user/bin	Some scripts installed by users

/: Linux root directory

~: Represents the current user in the home directory

. : Current folder

… : The parent directory of the current folder

2.File Extension matching symbol

✳	Multiple placeholders
?	A placeholder

3.Metacharacter Wildcard

[ ]	Restricted range

4.Symbolic link

1).Hard link

Limited to a single file system, such as Windows only in D drive

2).Soft link

Roughly the same as the file shortcuts of Windows

五.File Directory

1.Absolute Path

Detailed content

“C:”: Drive letter

C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe

2.Relative Path

Not comprehensive

Set story background premise “Relatively”

Located in the Google folder

Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe

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