LVS(DR直接路由模式)
DR直接路由模式
DR模式工作原理
1、客户端发送请求至调度器(VIP),请求报文源地址是CIP,目标地址为VIP;
2、LVS调度器接收到请求,报文在PREROUTING链检查,确定目的IP是本机,于是将报文发送至INPUT链,ipvs内核模块确定请求的服务是配置的LVS集群服务,然后根据用户设定的均衡策略选择某台后端RS,并将目标MAC地址修改RIP的MAC地址。因为调度器和后端服务器RS在同个网段,因此直接二层互通,将请求发给选择的RS处理;
3、因为报文目的mac是本机,且RS上有配置VIP,因此RS能接收该报文。后端服务处理完请求后,将响应直接发往客户端,此时源IP地址为VIP,目标IP为CIP。
DR模式中的名词解释
名称 | 含义 |
---|---|
DS | 调度器,lvs的前端设备 |
RS | 真正提供服务的后端服务器 |
RIP | 后端服务器的ip地址 |
DIP | 调度器和后端服务器通信的ip |
源IP | CIP(客户端的IP) |
目的IP | VIP(设置的统一入口),对外公布的ip,客户请求进来的ip |
源MAC地址 | DS调度器的MAC地址 |
目的MAC地址 | RS真正服务器的MAC地址 |
LVS-NAT模式和LVS-DR模式区别
NAT模式通过分发器做DNAT改变目标mac地址 数据进出必须经过分发器 realserver达到多台是会影响服务器的上传速度
DR直接路由解决了对分发器造成的负担 通过网关路由接收到用户的请求 通过分发器访问分发器IP 分发器看到目标地址和自己地址一样所以收下这个包 但是作为分发器不作处理 然后根据分发器选取一台realserver 将包转发过去 但是如果realserver要接受这个包必须也拥有和分发器同样的IP地址 最后由realserver直接发送给路由 数据出去不经过分发器 目标地址为客户端地址 源地址为分发器地址这样避免下次发包直接发给这台realserver 因为数据进来必须经过分发器
搭建LVS的DR模式
项目环境
配置步骤
LVS调度器配置
[root@lvs ~]# systemctl stop firewalld ###关闭防火墙
[root@lvs ~]# setenforce 0
[root@lvs ~]# modprobe ip_vs ###加载LVS内核模块
[root@lvs ~]# echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf ###下发路由
[root@lvs ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@lvs ~]# yum -y install ipvsadm.x86_64 ###安装管理软件ipvsadm,不需要启动
[root@lvs ~]# vi dr.sh ###编辑调度服务器脚本
#!/bin/bash
ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.100.100 broadcast 192.168.100.100 netmask 255.255.255.255 up ###添加虚拟地址的虚接口
route add -host 192.168.100.100 dev ens33:0 ###给ens33:0添加路由
ipvsadm -C ###清除内核虚拟服务器表中的所有记录
ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.100.100:80 -s rr ###创建虚拟服务器
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.100.100:80 -r 192.168.100.20:80 -g ###添加服务器节点
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.100.100:80 -r 192.168.100.30:80 -g ###添加服务器节点
ipvsadm -Ln ###查看节点状态,加个“-n”将以数字形式显示地址、端口信息
[root@lvs ~]# sh dr.sh
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.100.100:80 rr
-> 192.168.100.20:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.100.30:80 Route 1 0 0
NFS共享目录配置
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl stop firewalld ###关闭防火墙
[root@nfs ~]# setenforce 0
[root@nfs ~]# yum -y install rpcbind nfs-utils ###安装rpcbind和nfs-utils软件包(默认安装)
[root@nfs ~]# mkdir /opt/web1 /opt/web2 ###创建共享目录
[root@nfs ~]# vi /opt/web1/index.html
添加:<h1>Hello</h1>
[root@nfs ~]# vi /opt/web2/index.html
添加:<h1>Word</h1>
[root@nfs ~]# vi /etc/exports
添加:
/opt/web1 192.168.100.20/24(ro)
/opt/web2 192.168.100.30/24(ro)
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl restart nfs ###重启服务
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl restart rpcbind
[root@nfs ~]# showmount -e
Export list for nfs:
/opt/web2 192.168.100.30/24
/opt/web1 192.168.100.20/24
Web1配置
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@web1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@web1 ~]# vi web1.sh
添加:
#!/bin/bash
ifconfig lo:0 192.168.100.100 broadcast 192.168.100.100 netmask 255.255.255.255 up
route add -host 192.168.100.100 dev lo:0
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
sysctl -p &> /dev/null
[root@web1 ~]# sh web.sh
[root@web1 ~]# ifconfig ###查看是否有虚拟路由生成
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.20 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
inet6 fe80::e98d:5e18:5e52:25ca prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:ae:cb:b0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 6599 bytes 1664134 (1.5 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 2671 bytes 333575 (325.7 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 264 bytes 29384 (28.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 264 bytes 29384 (28.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo:0: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 192.168.100.100 netmask 255.255.255.255
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:a5:8f:c7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@web1 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.100.40
Export list for 192.168.100.40:
/opt/web2 192.168.100.30/24
/opt/web1 192.168.100.20/24
[root@web1 ~]# mount 192.168.100.40:/opt/web1 /var/www/html
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl start httpd
Web2配置
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@web2 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@web2 ~]# vi web2.sh
添加:
#!/bin/bash
ifconfig lo:0 192.168.100.100 broadcast 192.168.100.100 netmask 255.255.255.255 up
route add -host 192.168.100.100 dev lo:0
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
sysctl -p &> /dev/null
[root@web2 ~]# sh web2.sh
[root@web2 ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.30 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
inet6 fe80::a84d:dfac:ebd3:131a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:c9:b5:bf txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 3601 bytes 1432053 (1.3 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 2553 bytes 307718 (300.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 336 bytes 36680 (35.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 336 bytes 36680 (35.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo:0: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 192.168.100.100 netmask 255.255.255.255
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:02:2f:b3 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@web2 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@web2 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.100.40
Export list for 192.168.100.40:
/opt/web2 192.168.100.30/24
/opt/web1 192.168.100.20/24
[root@web2 ~]# mount 192.168.100.40:/opt/web2 /var/www/html
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl start httpd
访问测试
在浏览器输入http://192.168.100.100地址验证。