MySQL基础学习2-mysql数据导入与常用命令

田某某a

已于 2023-07-24 11:20:22 修改

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分类专栏： MySQL学习笔记文章标签： mysql 学习 adb

于 2023-07-05 20:28:52 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_50696241/article/details/131563360

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MySQL导入数据

# 在命令行下执行
> mysqldump -u root -p az > d:\data.sql;

创建表

create database 数据库名；

导出表数据

create database 数据库名；

1. 导入数据库之前要先使用数据库

 // 用 show databases;看看有哪些数据库
 show databases;
 // 结果
 +--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| kkk                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
 // 然后use即可
 use kkk
 
 // 可以导入了
 mysql> source D:\Mysql_data\test_data\test1\bjpowernode.sql
 
 // 查看导入的这张表的信息
 show tables;
 +---------------+
| Tables_in_kkk |
+---------------+
| dept          |
| emp           |
| salgrade      |
+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

2.查看表中的数据

select * from 表名

mysql> select * from emp;

+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+

3.不看表中的数据，只看表的结构，命令：desc 表名

mysql> desc dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field  | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| DEPTNO | int(2)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |	// 部门编号
| DNAME  | varchar(14) | YES  |     | NULL    |       | // 部门名字
| LOC    | varchar(13) | YES  |     | NULL    |       | // 地理位置
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

desc emp;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| EMPNO    | int(4)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       | // 员工编号
| ENAME    | varchar(10) | YES  |     | NULL    |       | // 员工姓名
| JOB      | varchar(9)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       | // 工作岗位
| MGR      | int(4)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       | // 上级编号
| HIREDATE | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       | // 入职日期
| SAL      | double(7,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       | // 工资
| COMM     | double(7,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       | // 津贴
| DEPTNO   | int(2)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       | // 部门编号
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

mysql> desc salgrade;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| GRADE | int(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |       | // 工资等级
| LOSAL | int(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |       | // 最低工资
| HISAL | int(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |       | // 最高工资
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+

4.MySQL常用命令

// 查看版本号
1. mysql> select version();
+------------+
| version()  |
+------------+
| 5.7.42-log |
+------------+
// 查看当前使用的是哪个数据库
2. mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| kkk        |
+------------+
3. MySQL是不见分号不执行
写一半不想写了怎么办：\c(用来终止一条sql语句的输出入)
mysql> show
    -> databases
    -> ;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| kkk                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sqlfile            |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

5.条件查询

1. mysql> select DNAME,LOC as dd from dept;

+------------+----------+
| DNAME      | dd       |
+------------+----------+
| ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
| RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
| SALES      | CHICAGO  |
| OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+------------+----------+
也可以把“as”省略
select DNAME,LOC dd from dept;

// 如果起的别名里有空格，用单引号（双引号也行）括起来
2. mysql> select DNAME,LOC 'd d' from dept;
+------------+----------+
| DNAME      | d d      |
+------------+----------+
| ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
| RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
| SALES      | CHICAGO  |
| OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+------------+----------+
**3. 表达式**
mysql> select ename,sal*12 as 'double' from emp
    -> ;
+--------+----------+
| ename  | double   |
+--------+----------+
| SMITH  |  9600.00 |
| ALLEN  | 19200.00 |
| WARD   | 15000.00 |
| JONES  | 35700.00 |
| MARTIN | 15000.00 |
| BLAKE  | 34200.00 |
| CLARK  | 29400.00 |
| SCOTT  | 36000.00 |
| KING   | 60000.00 |
| TURNER | 18000.00 |
| ADAMS  | 13200.00 |
| JAMES  | 11400.00 |
| FORD   | 36000.00 |
| MILLER | 15600.00 |
+--------+----------+

条件查询(筛选)

都有哪些条件啊?🐕

1. = 等于；<> 不等于；>大于；<小于

// 例：查询工资等于3000的员工的信息
mysql> select empno,ename from emp
    -> where sal = 3000;
mysql> select ENAME, EMPNO, SAL FROM emp
    -> where sal >= 3000;

+-------+-------+
| empno | ename |
+-------+-------+
|  7788 | SCOTT |
|  7902 | FORD  |
+-------+-------+ 
+-------+-------+---------+
| ENAME | EMPNO | SAL     |
+-------+-------+---------+
| SCOTT |  7788 | 3000.00 |
| KING  |  7839 | 5000.00 |
| FORD  |  7902 | 3000.00 |
+-------+-------+---------+

// 还可以查询工资不等于3000的，可以用 != 或 <>

mysql> select
    -> empno, ename,sal
    -> from
    -> emp
    -> where sal between 2450 and 3000; // 等同于 sal>2450 and sal<3000,但between必须遵循左小右大

2. null

问：查询哪些员工的津贴或补助为null

mysql> select ENAME,COMM FROM emp
    -> where COMM=null;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

咋整？🐱,用is 或者 is not，因为数据库的null表示啥也没有，有啥比头？

mysql> select ENAME,COMM FROM emp
    -> where COMM is null;
+--------+------+
| ENAME  | COMM |
+--------+------+
| SMITH  | NULL |
| JONES  | NULL |
| BLAKE  | NULL |
| CLARK  | NULL |
| SCOTT  | NULL |
| KING   | NULL |
| ADAMS  | NULL |
| JAMES  | NULL |
| FORD   | NULL |
| MILLER | NULL |
+--------+------+

3. or、in、not、like

mysql> select ENAME,JOB,SAL from emp
    -> where JOB='MANAGER' or JOB='SALESMAN' AND SAL > 2500;// 
+-------+---------+---------+
| ENAME | JOB     | SAL     |
+-------+---------+---------+
| JONES | MANAGER | 2975.00 |
| BLAKE | MANAGER | 2850.00 |
| CLARK | MANAGER | 2450.00 |
+-------+---------+---------+

例：查询工资大于2500，并且部门编号为10或20部门的员工？

select ENAME from emp
    -> where SAL > 2500 and DEPTNO=10 OR DEPTNO=20;
问题：and优先级>or，所以‘SAL>2500 and DEPTNO=10’是一个条件；‘DEPTNO=2’也是一个条件，满足其一就打印。

怎么办？–>加括号

mysql> select ENAME from emp
    -> where SAL > 2500 and (DEPTNO=10 OR DEPTNO=20);
+-------+
| ENAME |
+-------+
| JONES |
| SCOTT |
| KING  |
| FORD  |
+-------+

（1）in

mysql> select ename,sal from emp where sal in(800,5000);
// in不是去寻找区间是800到5000，而是判断是否有800或者（or）5000，区间是between
+-------+---------+
| ename | sal     |
+-------+---------+
| SMITH |  800.00 |
| KING  | 5000.00 |
+-------+---------+

（2）like模糊查询

%是个特殊的符号，_下划线也是。下划线：任意一个字符；%：任意多个字符

例：1.找出名字含有O的？

mysql> select ename from emp
    -> where ename like '%O%';
+-------+
| ename |
+-------+
| JONES |
| SCOTT |
| FORD  |
+-------+

2.找出名字以T结尾的？

mysql> select ename from emp
    -> where ename like '%T'; //%代表balabala
+-------+
| ename |
+-------+
| SCOTT |
+-------+

3.找出名字以K开头的？

mysql> select ename from emp
    -> where ename like 'K%';
+-------+
| ename |
+-------+
| KING  |
+-------+

4.找出名字第二个字母是A的？

mysql> select ename from emp
    -> where ename like '_A%';
+--------+
| ename  |
+--------+
| WARD   |
| MARTIN |
| JAMES  |
+--------+

5.找出名字第三个字母是R的？

mysql> select ename from emp
    -> where ename like '__R%';
+--------+
| ename  |
+--------+
| WARD   |
| MARTIN |
| TURNER |
| FORD   |
+--------+

6.找出名字中带_的？

where name like '%\_%'   // ‘\’具有转义功能

排序

mysql> select ename,sal from emp
    -> order by sal;	// 默认升序
+--------+---------+
| ename  | sal     |
+--------+---------+
| SMITH  |  800.00 |
| JAMES  |  950.00 |
| ADAMS  | 1100.00 |
| WARD   | 1250.00 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 |
| ALLEN  | 1600.00 |
| CLARK  | 2450.00 |
| BLAKE  | 2850.00 |
| JONES  | 2975.00 |
| SCOTT  | 3000.00 |
| FORD   | 3000.00 |
| KING   | 5000.00 |
+--------+---------+

田某某a

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MySQL基础学习2-mysql数据导入与常用命令

🐱,用is 或者 is not，因为数据库的null表示啥也没有，有啥比头？例：查询工资大于2500，并且部门编号为10或20部门的员工？ 2.找出名字以T结尾的？问：查询哪些员工的津贴或补助为null。 3.找出名字以K开头的？ 4.找出名字第二个字母是A的？ 5.找出名字第三个字母是R的？ 6.找出名字中带_的？例：1.找出名字含有O的？
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