nginx的基本使用

Nginx基本使用

Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，占用资源少，并发能力强。

1、安装与启动

1. yum install nginx
2. 查看安装目录 whereis nginx
3. • /usr/sbin/nginx nginx启动目录
   • /etc/nginx 配置目录
   • /usr/lib64/nginx 模块目录
   • /usr/share/nginx nginx的缓存目录
4. 启动命令 进入/usr/sbin 启动命令 ./nginx
5. 关闭命令 ./nginx -s stop 或者 ./nginx -s quit
6. 修改配置重新启动 ./nginx -s reload
7. 以指定配置文件启动 nginx -c /xxx/xxx/nginx.conf

windows 解压即可

2、相关配置说明

  5 user nginx;   #运行nginx的用户
  6 worker_processes auto;  #工作进程数量，建议不要修改，保持自动
  7 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;  #错误日志文件的输出位置和输出级别
  8 pid /run/nginx.pid;   #pid文件位置
  9 
 10 # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
 11 include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
 12 
 13 events {
 14     worker_connections 1024;   #每个进程的最大连接数，默认1024
 15 }
 16 
 17 http {    #HTTP配置
 18     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
 19                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_refer er" '
 20                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';   #日志的格式
 22     access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;   #访问日志文件的位置
 23 
 24     sendfile            on;  #是否调用sendfile函数来输出文件
 25     tcp_nopush          on;
 26     tcp_nodelay         on;  #是否启用nodelay算法
 27     keepalive_timeout   65;  #连接超时时间
 28     types_hash_max_size 2048;
 29 
 30     include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;   #支持的文件类型
 31     default_type        application/octet-stream;  #默认文件类型
 32 
 33     # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.# 从/etc/nginx/conf.d目录加载模块化配置文件
 34     # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
 35     # for more information.
 36     include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;  #引入外部配置文件，包含虚拟主机配置
 37 
         #以下为虚拟主机配置
 38     server {
 39         listen       80 default_server;  #监听端口 80
 40         listen       [::]:80 default_server;
 41         server_name  _;  #主机域名
 42         root         /usr/share/nginx/html;  # 默认页面路径
 43 
 44         # Load configuration files for the default server block.
 45         include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
 46 
 47         location / {
 48         }
 49 
  			#404页面
 50         error_page 404 /404.html;
 51             location = /40x.html {
 52         }  
 			#错误的反馈页面
 54         error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;  
 55             location = /50x.html {
 56         }
 57     }
 58 
             #服务器的htttps设置
 59 # Settings for a TLS enabled server.
             # 启用TLS的服务器的设置
 60 #
 61 #    server {
 62 #        listen       443 ssl http2 default_server;
 63 #        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
  64 #        server_name  _;
 65 #        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
 66 #
 67 #        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";  #ssl证书路径
 68 #        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";  #ssl证书key
 69 #        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
 70 #        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
 71 #        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
 72 #        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
 73 #
 74 #        # Load configuration files for the default server block.  #加载默认服务器块的配置文件
 75 #        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
 76 #
 			# 以下为错误页面配置
 77 #        location / {
 78 #        }
 79 #
 80 #        error_page 404 /404.html;
 81 #            location = /40x.html {
 82 #        }
 83 #
 84 #        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
 85 #            location = /50x.html {
 86 #        }
 87 #    }
 88 
 89 }
 90 

3、示例代码

• 简单反向代理

server {  
        listen       80;                                                        
        server_name  localhost;                                              
        client_max_body_size 1024M;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
        }
}

• 负载均衡

 	#负载均衡代码  轮询
 	upstream test {
        server localhost:8080;
        server localhost:8081;
    }
    #权重
    upstream test {
        server localhost:8080 weight=9;
        server localhost:8081 weight=1;
    }
    #iphash
    upstream test {
        ip_hash;
        server localhost:8080;
        server localhost:8081;
    }
    
    
    
    
    server {
        listen       81;                                                        
        server_name  localhost;                                              
        client_max_body_size 1024M;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://test;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
        }
    }

• 动静分离

	server {  
        listen       80;  
        server_name  localhost;  

        location / {  
            root   e:/wwwroot;  
            index  index.html;  
        }  

        # 所有静态请求都由nginx处理，存放目录为html  
        location ~ .(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css|js)$ {  
            root    e:/wwwroot;  
        }  

        # 所有动态请求都转发给tomcat处理  
        location ~ .(jsp|do)$ {  
            proxy_pass  http://test;  
        }  
		
		#错误页面
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;  
        location = /50x.html {  
            root   e:/wwwroot;  
        }  
    }