Spring MVC
核心三大件
- 处理器映射器
- 处理器适配器
- 视图解析器
执行原理
- 用户发送请求,DispatcherServlet接受并拦截请求
- DispatcherServlet调用处理器映射HandlerMapping,通过HandlerExecution根据url查找控制器解析,并返回给DispatcherServlet
- DispatcherServlet调用处理器适配器HandlerAdapter让控制器Controller去执行Handler,Controller控制器实现Controller接口并重写ModelAndView方法
- Controller将具体的执行信息返回给HandlerAdapter
- HandlerAdapter将视图逻辑名或模型传递给DispatcherServlet
- DispatcherServlet调用视图解析器(ViewResolver)来解析HandlerAdapter传递的逻辑视图名,并且拼接视图名字,找到对应的视图
- 视图解析器将解析的逻辑视图名传给DispatcherServlet,DispatcherServlet再通过拼接的路径找到页面响应给用户
代码实现
- 导入相关依赖,如果使用Maven在pom.xml中添加下列代码,并更新Maven(IDEA2020以后),否则导入相关的jar包即可
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
- 配置Web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--配置DispatcherServlet:SpringMVC的核心:请求分发器,前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--DispatcherServlet绑定Spring的配置文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--启动级别:1:服务器启动就跟着启动-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
/ 匹配所有请求:(不包括.jsp)
/* 匹配所有的请求:(包括.jsp)
- 配置springmvc-servlet.xml(名字可任意取)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--处理器映射器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<!--处理器适配器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<!--视图解析器:模板引擎 Thymeleaf Freemarker
1.获取了ModelAndView的数据
2.解析ModelAndView的视图名字
3.拼接视图名字,找到对应的视图
4.将数据渲染到视图上
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping:bean-->
<bean id="/tesy" class="com.moran.controller.HelloController"/>
</beans>
- 测试
public class HelloController implements Controller {
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
//业务代码
String result = "HelloSpringMVC";
mv.addObject("msg",result);
//试图跳转
mv.setViewName("tesy");
return mv;
}
}
本文是我学习之后所摘抄的笔记,分享在此,以便更好的复习,学习出处来自于狂神