《Python系列》Python常见问题处理记录

Python常见问题处理记录

一、Python使用pip报错和安装pyinstaller报错

1.使用pip报错

D:\date\IDEA\Game\PyInstaller-3.4>pip install pyinstaller
'pip' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。

解决方案：添加环境变量

新增系统变量：
变量名：PYTHON_HOME
变量值：D:\software\anaconda3\Scripts
修改path变量：
	添加：%PYTHON_HOME%

2.使用pip安装pyinstaller报错

D:\date\IDEA\Game\PyInstaller-3.4>pip install pyinstaller
WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pyinstaller/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pyinstaller/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pyinstaller/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pyinstaller/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pyinstaller/
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/pyinstaller/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pyinstaller/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pyinstaller (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for pyinstaller
WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping

解决方案：添加信任源

D:\date\IDEA\Game\PyInstaller-3.4>pip install  pyinstaller  --index-url http://pypi.douban.com/simple/    --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
Looking in indexes: http://pypi.douban.com/simple/
Collecting pyinstaller
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/da/98/ba0071620a2bd672cd98b398653517a296f988a8271d9d2f365a7922a51b/pyinstaller-4.7-py3-none-win_amd64.whl (2.0 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 2.0 MB 2.2 MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: pywin32-ctypes>=0.2.0 in d:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from pyinstaller) (0.2.0)
Collecting pyinstaller-hooks-contrib>=2020.6
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/80/74/4c885df43604c4ae570610e187052f29d806d582e398c2e48b83dad74610/pyinstaller_hooks_contrib-2021.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (215 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 215 kB ...
Collecting pefile>=2017.8.1
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/ee/e1/a7bd302cf5f74547431b4e9b206dbef782d112df6b531f193bb4a29fb1b9/pefile-2021.9.3.tar.gz (72 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 72 kB ...
Collecting altgraph
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/84/3f/1a5c9bef54cac9bf41edd6f4aaf61cd52ed578e10ccc607e0278012cb4a5/altgraph-0.17.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (21 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in d:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from pyinstaller) (58.0.4)
Requirement already satisfied: future in d:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from pefile>=2017.8.1->pyinstaller) (0.18.2)
Building wheels for collected packages: pefile
  Building wheel for pefile (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for pefile: filename=pefile-2021.9.3-py3-none-any.whl size=68844 sha256=139bf21106643db9019b3f0c33e2da41e2bda609170130bb24491cf1a5eeba0a
  Stored in directory: c:\users\edz\appdata\local\pip\cache\wheels\7b\f8\a2\c28c8f2797bf32ae30e18da14e5a5ab9cfbfb72da03593426d
Successfully built pefile
Installing collected packages: pyinstaller-hooks-contrib, pefile, altgraph, pyinstaller
Successfully installed altgraph-0.17.2 pefile-2021.9.3 pyinstaller-4.7 pyinstaller-hooks-contrib-2021.4

二、使用Python报错：Fatal Python error: initfsencoding: Unable to get the locale encoding

[root@zxy bin]# python3
Fatal Python error: initfsencoding: Unable to get the locale encoding
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'encodings'

Current thread 0x00007f439bff2740 (most recent call first):
Aborted

[root@zxy bin]# unset PYTHONHOME

[root@zxy bin]# python3
Python 3.7.3 (default, Mar 21 2023, 15:43:47)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

三、多版本python导致yum使用异常，No module named yum

1 问题详情

[root@zxy Python-3.7.3]# yum -h
There was a problem importing one of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was:

   No module named yum

Please install a package which provides this module, or
verify that the module is installed correctly.

It's possible that the above module doesn't match the
current version of Python, which is:
2.7.5 (default, Nov 16 2020, 22:23:17)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)]

If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to
the yum faq at:
  http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq

2 问题解决

# 查找python变量
[root@zxy Python-3.7.3]# env | grep PYTHON
PYTHONHOME=/usr/bin
PYTHONPATH=/usr/lib64/python2.7
# 删除PYTHONPATH和PYTHONHOME变量
[root@zxy Python-3.7.3]# unset PYTHONPATH
[root@zxy Python-3.7.3]# unset PYTHONHOME
# 检查是否删除成功
[root@zxy Python-3.7.3]# env | grep PYTHON

3 处理测试

[root@zxy Python-3.7.3]# yum -h
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Usage: yum [options] COMMAND

List of Commands:

check          Check for problems in the rpmdb
check-update   Check for available package updates
clean          Remove cached data
deplist        List a package's dependencies
distribution-synchronization Synchronize installed packages to the latest available versions
downgrade      downgrade a package
erase          Remove a package or packages from your system
fs             Acts on the filesystem data of the host, mainly for removing docs/lanuages for minimal hosts.
fssnapshot     Creates filesystem snapshots, or lists/deletes current snapshots.
groups         Display, or use, the groups information
help           Display a helpful usage message