注解与反射----狂神

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class demo01 extends Object{

    @Override //重写的注解
    public String toString(){
        return super.toString();
    }

    @Deprecated //表示下面的方法已经过时；不推荐程序员使用
    public static void test(){
        System.out.println("Deprecated");
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("all") //镇压下面方法的全部警告
    public void test02(){
        List list = new ArrayList();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){
        test();
    }
}

//测试元注解
import java.lang.annotation.*;
public class demo02 {
    @MyAnnotation
    public static void test(){
        System.out.println("yes");
    }
}
//定义一个注解
//Target 表示我们的注解可以用在哪些地方
@Target(value = ElementType.METHOD)

//Retention 表示我们的注解在什么地方有效
//runtime>class>sources
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)

//表示是否将我们的注解生成在JAVAdoc中
@Documented

//表示子类可以继承父类的注解
@Inherited
@interface MyAnnotation{
}

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
//自定义注解
public class demo03 {
    //注解可以显示赋值，如果没有默认值，我们就必须给注解赋值
    @MyAnnotation2(age = 18, name = "zhy")
    public void tset(){}

    //如果注解只有一个参数，可以使用value，并且使用注解的时候可以省略参数名；其他名称则不行
    @MyAnnotation3("")
    public void test2(){}
}

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2{
    //注解的参数：参数类型 + 参数名()； default 定义参数的默认值
    String name() default "";
    int age();
    int id() default 0;
    String[] schools() default {"清华大学", "北京大学"};
}
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation3{
    String value();
}

//什么叫反射
public class demo04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //通过反射获得类的class对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("User");
        System.out.println(c1);

        Class c2 = Class.forName("User");
        Class c3 = Class.forName("User");
        Class c4 = Class.forName("User");
        //一个类在内存中只有一个Class对象
        //一个类被加载后，类的整个结构都会被封装在class对象中
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c4.hashCode());
    }
}
//定义一个实体类
class User{
    //定义属性
    private String name;
    private int id;
    private int age;
    //无参构造器
    public User(){
    }
    //有参构造器
    public User(String name, int id, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
    }
    //获得name的值
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    //设置name的值
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    //获得id的值
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    //设置id的值
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    //获得Age的值
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    //设置Age的值
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    //重写toString方法
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

public class demo05 {
    //测试Class类的创建方式有哪些
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Person person = new Student();
        System.out.println("这个人是"+person.name);

        //方式一：通过对象获得
        Class c1 = person.getClass();
        System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
        //方式二：forname获得
        Class c2 = Class.forName("Student");
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        //方式三：通过类名.class获得
        Class c3 = Student.class;
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
        //方法四：基本内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
        Class<Integer> c4 = Integer.TYPE;
        System.out.println(c4.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c4);

        //获得父类类型
        Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
        System.out.println(c5);
    }
}
class Person{
    public String name;
    public Person() {
    }
    public Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
class Student extends Person{
    public Student(){
        this.name = "学生";
    }
}
class Teacher extends Person{
    public Teacher(){
        this.name = "老师";
    }
}

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;

public class demo06 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class c1 = Object.class;       //类
        Class c2 = Comparable.class;   //接口类型
        Class c3 = String[].class;     //字符串数组类型
        Class c4 = int[][].class;      //二维数组类型
        Class c5 = Override.class;     //注解类型
        Class c6 = ElementType.class;  //枚举类型
        Class c7 = Integer.class;      //基本数据类型
        Class c8 = void.class;         //void
        Class c9 = Class.class;        //Class

        System.out.println(c1);
        System.out.println(c2);
        System.out.println(c3);
        System.out.println(c4);
        System.out.println(c5);
        System.out.println(c6);
        System.out.println(c7);
        System.out.println(c8);
        System.out.println(c9);

        //只要元素类型与纬度一样， 就是一个Class
        int[] a = new int[10];
        int[] b = new int[100];
        System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
        System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());
    }
}

//类是怎么加载的
public class demo07 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        A a = new A();
        System.out.println(a.m);
        /*
        1. 加载到内存，会产生一个类对应的Class对象
        2.链接，链接结束后m=0
        3.初始化
            <clinit>(){
                        System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
                        m = 300;
                        m = 100;
            }
        */
    }
}
class A{
    static {
        System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
        m = 300;
    }
    static int m = 100;
    public A() {
        System.out.println("A的无参构造器");
    }
}

//测试类什么时候会初始化
public class demo08 {
    static {
        System.out.println("main方法被加载");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //1.主动引用
        //Son son = new Son();

        //2.反射也会产生主动引用
        //Class.forName("Son");

        //不会产生类的引用的方法
        //System.out.println(Son.b);
        //Son[] array = new Son[5];
        System.out.println(Son.M);
    }
}
class Father{
    static int b =2;

    static{
        System.out.println("父类被加载");
    }
}
class Son extends Father{
    static {
        System.out.println("子类被加载");
    }
    static int m = 100;
    static final int M = 1;
}

public class demo09 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //获取系统类的加载器
        ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        System.out.println(systemClassLoader);

        //获得系统类加载器的父类加载器-->扩展类加载器
        ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent);

        //获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器-->根加载器(c/c++)
        ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent1);

        //测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
        ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("demo09").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader);

        //测试jdk内置的类是谁加载的
        classLoader = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader);

        //获得系统类加载器可以加载的路径
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
    }
}

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//获得类的信息
public class demo10 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("User");
        //获得类的名字
        System.out.println(c1.getName());           //获得包名+类名
        System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());     //获得类名

        //获得类的属性
        Field[] fields = c1.getFields(); //只能找到public方法的属性
        for(Field field : fields){
            System.out.println(field);
        }

        fields = c1.getDeclaredFields(); //可以找到全部属性
        for(Field field : fields){
            System.out.println(field);
        }

        //获得指定属性的值
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        System.out.println(name);

        //获得类的方法
        System.out.println("================");
        Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();  //获取本类和父类的所有方法
        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println("正常的:" + method);
        }
        methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods();  //获得本类的所有方法
        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods:" + method);
        }

        //获得指定的方法.
        Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
        Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);
        System.out.println(getName);
        System.out.println(setName);

        //获得全部的构造器
        System.out.println("====================");
        Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }
        constructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }

        //获得指定构造器
        Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
        System.out.println(declaredConstructor);
    }
}

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//通过反射动态的创建对象
public class demo11 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws 
     ClassNotFoundException,
     NoSuchMethodException,
     InvocationTargetException, 
     InstantiationException, 
     IllegalAccessException, 
     NoSuchFieldException {
        //获得class对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("User");

        //构造一个对象
        User user = (User) c1.newInstance();    //本质上是调用类的无参构造器
        System.out.println(user);

        //通过构造器创建对象
        User user2 = (User) c1.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance(); //本质上是调用类的无参构造器
        System.out.println(user2);

        Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class); //调用类的有参构造器
        User user3 = (User) constructor.newInstance("zhy", 001, 18);
        System.out.println(user3);

        //通过反射调用普通方法
        User user4 = (User) c1.newInstance();
        //通过反射获取一个方法
        Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
        setName.invoke(user4,"zhang"); //invoke执行（对象，"方法的值"）
        System.out.println(user4.getName());

        //通过反射操作属性
        User user5 = (User) c1.newInstance();
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        //不能直接操作室友属性，需要关闭程序的安全检测，通过属性或者方法的setAccessible(true)
        name.setAccessible(true);
        name.set(user5, "zhanghai");  //属性可通过set设置值
        System.out.println(user5.getName());
    }
}

//通过反射获取泛型
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class demo12 {
    public void test01(Map<String, User> map, List<User> list){
        System.out.println("test01");
    }
    public Map<String, User> test02(){
        System.out.println("test02");
        return null;
    }
    public static void main(String[] arg) throws NoSuchMethodException {
        //获得参数泛型
        Method method = demo12.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);
        Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
        for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
            System.out.println(genericParameterType);
            if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){
                Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
                for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
                    System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
                }
            }
        }

        //获得返回值泛型
        method = demo12.class.getMethod("test02", null);
        Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
        if (genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType){
            Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments();
            for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
                System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
            }
        }
    }
}

import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
//练习反射操作注解
public class demo13 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("Student2");

        //通过反射获得注解
        Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
            System.out.println(annotation);
        }

        //获得注解的value的值
        Tablezhang tablezhang = (Tablezhang)c1.getAnnotation(Tablezhang.class);
        String value = tablezhang.value();
        System.out.println(value);

        //获得类指定的注解
        Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        Fieldzhang annotation = f.getAnnotation(Fieldzhang.class);
        System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
        System.out.println(annotation.type());
        System.out.println(annotation.length());
    }
}

@Tablezhang("db_student")
class Student2{
    @Fieldzhang(columnName = "db_id", type = "int", length = 10)
    private int id;
    @Fieldzhang(columnName = "db_age", type = "int", length = 10)
    private int age;
    @Fieldzhang(columnName = "db_name", type = "int", length = 10)
    private String name;
    public Student2() {
    }
    public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student2{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Tablezhang{
    String value();
}

//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Fieldzhang{
    String columnName();
    String type();
    int length();
}