Collections⼯具类和Comparable排序接口

理解:``Java⾥关于集合的⼯具类，包含有各种有关集合操作的静态多态⽅法，不能实例化(把构造函数私有化)

public class Collections {
 // Suppresses default constructor, ensuring noninstantiability.
 //不能new(实例化)
 private Collections() {
 }

1.和Collection的区别
1)Collection是接⼝，提供了对集合对象进⾏基本操作的通⽤接⼝⽅法，List、Set等多种具体的实现类
2)Collections是⼯具类，专⻔操作Collection接⼝实现类⾥⾯的元素
2.常⻅⽅法
1)排序 sort(List list)用于List

 public static void test1(){
        List <String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("aaaa");
        list.add("zzz");
        list.add("gggg");
        //默认升序
        Collections.sort(list);
        System.out.println(list);
    }
    //[aaaa, gggg, zzz]

2)sort(List list, Comparator c) ⾃定义排序规则，
由Comparator:比较器对象,控制排序逻辑

 //默认升序
  Collections.sort(list,Comparator.naturalOrder());
   //降序
  Collections.sort(list,Comparator.reverseOrder());

例:按学生年龄找出最大最小的学生

 public static void test(){
      List <Student>list = new ArrayList<>();
      list.add(new Student("jack",89));
      list.add(new Student("tom",90));
      list.add(new Student("Bob",25));
      list.add(new Student("lucy",45));
      list.add(new Student("tomm",23));
      list.add(new Student("qwe",12));
//      System.out.println(list.toString());
      //[Student{name='jack', age=89}, Student{name='tom', age=90}, Student{name='Bob', age=25},
      // Student{name='lucy', age=45},
      // Student{name='tomm', age=23}, Student{name='qwe', age=12}]
     Student student1 = Collections.max(list, new Comparator<Student>() {
          @Override
          //参数1-2
          public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
              return o1.getAge() - o2.getAge();
          }
      });
     Student student2 = Collections.min(list, new Comparator<Student>() {
         @Override
         public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
             return o1.getAge() - o2.getAge();
         }
     });
      System.out.println(student1);
      System.out.println(student2);

class Student {
 public Student(String name, int age) {
 this.name = name;
 this.age = age;
 }
 private int age;
 private String name;
 public void setAge(int age) {
 this.age = age;
 }
 public int getAge() {
 return age;
 }
 public void setName(String name) {
 this.name = name;
 }
 public String getName() {
 return name;
 }
 @Override
 public String toString() {
 return "Student{" +
 "age=" + age +
 ", name='" + name + '\'' +
 '}';
 }

2)创建不可变集合unmodifiablleXXX()

List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
 list.add("SpringBoot课程");
 list.add("架构课程");
 list.add("微服务SpringCloud课程"); //设置为只读List集合
 list = Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
 System.out.println(list);
 Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();
 set.add("Mysql教程");
 set.add("Linux服务器器教程");
 set.add("Git教程");
 //设置为只读Set集合
 set = Collections.unmodifiableSet(set);
 System.out.println(set);
 Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
 map.put("key1", "课程1");
 map.put("key2", "课程2");
 //设置为只读Map集合
 map = Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
 System.out.println(map);

3.随机排序 shuffle(List list)

public static void test1(){
        List <String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        //扑克牌随机排序
        list.add("1");
        list.add("2");
        list.add("3");
        list.add("4");
        list.add("5");
        list.add("6");
        list.add("7");
        list.add("8");
        list.add("9");
        list.add("10");
        list.add("J");
        list.add("Q");
        Collections.shuffle(list);
        System.out.println(list);
        //[5, 10, 7, 2, 9, Q, 8, 4, J, 3, 6, 1]
        //[Q, J, 10, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6, 8, 1, 4, 9]
    }

对比comparable排序接口
什么是Comparable

public interface Comparable<T> {
 public int compareTo(T o);
}

1)是⼀个接⼝，定制排序规则
2)对实现它的每个类的对象进⾏整体排序，⾥⾯ compareTo ⽅法是实现排序的具体⽅法
3)⽐如TreeSet、SortedSet、Collections.sort() ⽅法调⽤进⾏排序
4)String、Integer等类默认实现了这个接⼝，所以可以排序(看源码)
5)集合里面的元素也叫对象
2.详解compareTo⽅法(固定排序规则)
⽤于⽐较次对象和指定对象的顺序，o为要⽐较的对象
返回int类型
1)⼤于0, 表示this⼤于传进来的对象o ,则往后排，即升序
2)等于0，表示this等于传进来的对象o
3)⼩于0，表示this⼩于传进来的对象o

package Collections;

public class Student  implements Comparable{
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
   public Student(String name,int age){
        this.age=age;
        this.name=name;

   }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
   // 打印推荐
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(Object o) {
        if(o instanceof Student){
            Student student = (Student)o;
            return this.age - student.age;
        }
        //返回的数是0代表两个对象相同
        return 0;
    }
}

package Collections;
import java.util.*;
public class TestCom {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  Set<Student> studentSet = new TreeSet<>();
  studentSet.add(new Student("jack", 32));
  studentSet.add(new Student("tom", 22));
  studentSet.add(new Student("mary", 35));
  studentSet.add(new Student("tim", 11));
  studentSet.add(new Student("tony", 49));
  studentSet.add(new Student("dd", 30));
  System.out.println(studentSet);
 }
}