docker单机部署mysql5.7.9并设置数据持久化

目的

使用docker部署mysql单机模式，并且配置相应的数据和配置的挂载，配置密码，字符集配置。

部署流程

1、创建目录，拉取镜像，运行容器，查看用户

-bash-4.2# mkdir -p /mysql/config /mysql/data
-bash-4.2# vim /mysql/config/my.cnf
-bash-4.2# docker pull mysql:5.7.9
# 指定字符集，指定数据挂载，指定配置文件挂载，指定端口映射
-bash-4.2# docker run -d   --privileged=true --restart always  --name mysql -p 3306:3306 -v /mysql/config:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=aa132698 mysql:5.7.9 --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
-bash-4.2# docker exec -it mysql mysql -u root -p
# 查询当前用户
mysql> select USER();
+----------------+
| USER()         |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 查询权限没问题

my.cnf 具体内容

# Copyright (c) 2014, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA

#
# The MySQL Community Server configuration file.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

[client]
port		= 3306
socket		= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

[mysqld_safe]
pid-file	= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket		= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice		= 0

[mysqld]
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
user		= mysql
pid-file	= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket		= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port		= 3306
basedir		= /usr
datadir		= /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir		= /tmp
lc-messages-dir	= /usr/share/mysql
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
#bind-address	= 127.0.0.1

#log-error	= /var/log/mysql/error.log

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
#   The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.
#
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

2、因为使用了启动参数，环境变量无法使用，设置一下mysql用户密码。

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' = password('aa132698');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'aa132698';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

在 MySQL 中执行 SET PASSWORD 或 GRANT 命令时出现警告通常是因为一些安全设置或者语法上的问题。在你的情况下，警告消息表明命令已经执行，但可能存在一些不符合最佳实践的设置。让我们逐个分析一下：
SET PASSWORD 命令：
当你执行 SET PASSWORD 命令来修改 root 用户的密码时，MySQL 返回了一个警告。这可能是因为该命令在较新的 MySQL 版本中被废弃，而推荐使用 ALTER USER 语句来修改密码。虽然 SET PASSWORD 命令仍然可用，但 MySQL 可能会发出警告以提醒用户。
GRANT 命令：
在你执行 GRANT 命令来授予 root 用户在所有数据库上的全部权限时，同样出现了警告。这可能是因为给予 root 用户在所有数据库上的全部权限不够安全，最佳实践是为不同的应用程序或用户组分配精确的权限，而不是直接给予 root 用户所有权限。

3、最后一定要记得开防火墙。 

问题

1、运行容器的命令参数和环境变量不兼容

docker run 时，我设置了2，发现密码失效，没有密码。 
1、 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=aa132698
2、--character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

解决方法：部署后设置

2、如果发生权限问题（Fatal error: Please read "Security" section of the manual to find）

（1）在容器运行是指定运行用户为root即可。

例如： docker run -d xxx mysqld --user root

（2）设置mysql用户，并指定相关用户运行。（时间原因未尝试）

参考

1、最重要的是每次都要先参考一下官方文档，免得到处踩坑

https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql

2、可以参考菜鸟教程