Java中的过滤流（流的装配）有什么作用？请举例说明常用的过滤流。

1、BufferedReader：用于缓存字符流，可以一行一行的读

import java.io.*;
public class inDataSortMaxMinIn { 
    public static void main(String args[]) {
     try{
        BufferedReader keyin = new BufferedReader(new 
                                     InputStreamReader(System.in)); 
        String c1;
        int i=0;
        int[] e = new int[10];   
        while(i<10){
           try{
               c1 = keyin.readLine();
               e[i] = Integer.parseInt(c1);
               i++;
            }  
            catch(NumberFormatException ee){
                   System.out.println("请输入正确的数字！");
            }
       }
    }
    catch(Exception e){
        System.out.println("系统有错误");
 }}}

DataInputStream和DataOutputStream：可从字节流中写入、读取Java基本数据类型，不依赖于机器的具体数据类型，方便存储和恢复数据

import java.io.*;
public class DataStream {
  public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
   try {
    DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new 
                                          FileOutputStream("test.txt")));
    dos.writeInt(3);//写入整型
        dos.writeDouble(3.14);//写入浮点型
    dos.writeUTF(“hello”);//写入字符串
    dos.close();

    DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new 
                                          FileInputStream("test.txt")));
    System.out.println(dis.readInt()); //读取整型，输出3
    System.out.println(dis.readDouble()); //读取浮点型，输出3.14
    System.out.println(dis.readUTF()); //读取字符串，输出hello
    dis.close();
   } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

3、PrintWriter：可以向该字符流中写入Java基本数据类型，用于包装输出字符流类对象

import java.io.*;
public class PrintWrit {
  public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
    PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new 
                                    FileWriter("foo.txt")));
    out.println(“hello”); //写入字符串
    out.println(3); //写入整型
    out.close(); //关闭流，系统自动将缓冲区内容flush
  }  
}