Deep Learning 简介

Three Steps for Deep Learning

神经网络中每一层的计算

4 = 1*1+(-1)*(-2)+1 

0.98 = 1/(1+e^(-4))

同理0.12也是这么来的

神经网络其实就是一个函数,给一个输入向量,它会返回一个输出向量

 

其内部可以写成矩阵的计算形式

Neural Network

GPU可以对神经网络进行加速,效果比CPU更好

输出层可以作为多重分类的分类器

应用举例

输出这个图像表示某一数字的概率,取最大概率对应的数字作为最后分类的结果 

A function set containing the candidates for Handwriting Digit Recognition.

You need to decide the network structure to let a good function in your function set.

关于神经网络的一些问题

  •  通过 “尝试错误法反复实验+直觉引导” 来选择合适的网络层数和神经元数目
  • 进化人工神经网络(evolutionary artificial neural networks)
  • 卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network)

function的评估——神经网络中的Loss

在这个样本sample中,可以根据Cross Entropy的公式计算出其Loss值

在一整个训练集中的总Loss,求个和

选择最优的function

仍然是使用梯度下降的方式,Gradient Descent

Backpropagation

Backpropagation: an efficient way to compute ∂L∕∂w in neural network

A function set containing the candi

 

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'Written by three experts in the field, Deep Learning is the only comprehensive book on the subject.' -- Elon Musk, co-chair of OpenAI; co-founder and CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, Deep learning is a form of machine learning that enables computers to learn from experience and understand the world in terms of a hierarchy of concepts. Because the computer gathers knowledge from experience, there is no need for a human computer operator to formally specify all the knowledge that the computer needs. The hierarchy of concepts allows the computer to learn complicated concepts by building them out of simpler ones; a graph of these hierarchies would be many layers deep. This book introduces a broad range of topics in deep learning., The text offers mathematical and conceptual background, covering relevant concepts in linear algebra, probability theory and information theory, numerical computation, and machine learning. It describes deep learning techniques used by practitioners in industry, including deep feedforward networks, regularization, optimization algorithms, convolutional networks, sequence modeling, and practical methodology; and it surveys such applications as natural language processing, speech recognition, computer vision, online recommendation systems, bioinformatics, and videogames. Finally, the book offers research perspectives, covering such theoretical topics as linear factor models, autoencoders, representation learning, structured probabilistic models, Monte Carlo methods, the partition function, approximate inference, and deep generative models., Deep Learning can be used by undergraduate or graduate students planning careers in either industry or research, and by software engineers who want to begin using deep learning in their products or platforms. A website offers supplementary material for both readers and instructors.

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