RecyclerView的基本用法，瀑布流布局，RecyclerView中外层view的点击事件和内侧ImageView点击事件

创建子项布局对应的实体类

class Fruit(val fruitPicetureId :Int,val fruitName:String) {
}

在主界面main.xml中加入RecyclerView控件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/mainConstraintLayout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/recyclerView"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="1dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="1dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="1dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="1dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

编写子项布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/vLinearLayout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_margin="5dp"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/vfruitImage"
        android:layout_width="40dp"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/vfruitNmae"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="left"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp" />
</LinearLayout>

编写适配器（其中包含了外层view视图的点击事件和子项图片的点击事件）

package com.example.recyclerviewtest

import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.ImageView
import android.widget.TextView
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView

class FruitAdapter(val fruitList : List<Fruit>) :
    RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHolder>() {

    //界面控件绑定
        inner class ViewHolder(view:View):RecyclerView.ViewHolder(view){
            val fruitImage : ImageView = view.findViewById(R.id.vfruitImage)
            val fruitName : TextView = view.findViewById(R.id.vfruitNmae)
        }

    override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: ViewHolder, position: Int) {
        val fruit = fruitList[position]
        holder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.fruitPicetureId)
        holder.fruitName.text = fruit.fruitName
    }

    override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): ViewHolder {
        val view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.context).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item_vertical,parent,false)

        //实现点击事件响应，RecyclerView中的灵活性更大，可以为外层布局和子项内部元素设立不同的相应事件
        val viewHolder = ViewHolder(view)
        viewHolder.itemView.setOnClickListener {
            val position = viewHolder.adapterPosition
            val fruit = fruitList[position]
            Toast.makeText(parent.context,"you clicked view ${fruit.fruitName}",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
        }

        viewHolder.fruitImage.setOnClickListener {
            val position = viewHolder.adapterPosition
            val fruit = fruitList[position]
            Toast.makeText(parent.context,"you clicked image ${fruit.fruitName}",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
        }

        //return ViewHolder(view)
        return viewHolder
    }

    override fun getItemCount() = fruitList.size
}

在MainActivity中创建数据源并完成调用

package com.example.recyclerviewtest

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
import androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.StaggeredGridLayoutManager
import java.lang.StringBuilder

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    //数据源列表
    private val fruitList = ArrayList<Fruit>()

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        //控件绑定
        val recyclerView : RecyclerView = findViewById(R.id.recyclerView)

        //初始化水果数据
        initFruits()

        //因为RecyclerView的布局排列是通过layoutManager管理的，所以要把LayoutManager和适配器都配给它
        //val layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this)

        //实现横向布局
        //layoutManager.orientation = LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL

        //实现瀑布流布局
        val layoutManager = StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL)

        recyclerView.layoutManager = layoutManager
        val adapter = FruitAdapter(fruitList)
        recyclerView.adapter = adapter


    }



    //初始化水果信息
    private fun initFruits(){
        repeat(10){
            fruitList.add(Fruit(R.drawable.apple_pic,getRandomLengthString("Apple")))
            fruitList.add(Fruit(R.drawable.pear_pic,getRandomLengthString("Pear")))
            fruitList.add(Fruit(R.drawable.watermelon_pic,getRandomLengthString("Watermelon")))
        }
    }

    //产生长度不等的水果名字
    private fun getRandomLengthString(fruitName:String):String{
        val n = (1..10).random()
        val builder = StringBuilder()
        repeat(n){
            builder.append(fruitName)
        }
        return builder.toString()
    }
}