1.Flask前奏
网上找一个破解的专业版pycham,很好会有很多代码提示,省去很多配置
2.项目配置
Debug、Host、Port配置
3.URL视图
有参数的URL
@app.route('/blog/<blog_id>')
def blog_detail(blog_id): # put application's code here
return '你访问的博客id是:%s'%blog_id
@app.route('/book/list')
def book_list(): # put application's code here
page=request.args.get("page",default=1,type=int)
return f"您获取的是第{page}页的图书!"
4.Jinja2模板
定义一个路由
from flask import Flask,render_template
@app.route('/')
def hello_world(): # put application's code here
user = User('lzy', 'xx@qq.com')
person = {
'username': user.username,
'age': 18
}
return render_template('index.html', user=user, person=person)
渲染模板:render_template
渲染变量:user=user
定义路由页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>lzy的首页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>lzy and hq</h1>
<h1>{{ user.username}}/{{ user.email }}</h1>
<div>{{ person['username'] }} {{ person['age'] }}</div>
}}
</body>
</html>
页面中使用变量:{{user.username}} 或者{{person['username']}}
自定义过滤器三部曲
1.自定义过滤器
def datetime_format(value, format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'):
return value.strftime(format)
app.add_template_filter(datetime_format, "dformat")
2.配置app函数
@app.route('/filter')
def filter_demo(): # put application's code here
user = User('lzy', 'xx@qq.com')
mytime=datetime.now()
return render_template("filter.html", user=user,mytime=mytime)
3.使用自定义的过滤器:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>过滤器使用demo</title>
</head>
<body>
{{ user.username }}--{{ user.username|length }}
<div>
{{ mytime|dformat }}
</div>
</body>
</html>
内置过滤器
{{ user.username|length }}
控制语句
if:
{% if age>18 %}
<div>您已经成年</div>
{% elif age <18 %}
<div>您未成年</div>
{% else %}
<div>您刚成年</div>
{% endif %}
for:
{% for book in books %}
<div>书名:{{ book.name}},作者:{{ book.author }}</div>
{% endfor %}
模板继承
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}
我是子模版的标题
{% endblock %}
{% block body %}
我是子模版的body
{% endblock %}
css、js、image的引入
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static',filename='css/style.css') }}">#css文件
<script src="{{ url_for('static',filename='js/my.js') }}"></script>#引入js文件
</head>
<body>
<img src="{{ url_for('static',filename='images/1.png') }}" alt="">#引入图片
</body>
</html>
5.数据库
连接mysql
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
app = Flask(__name__)
HOSTNAME = "127.0.0.1"#主机名
PORT = 3306#端口号
USERNAME = "root"#用户名
PASSWORD = "*******"#密码
DATABASE = "database_learn"*创建的数据库的名称
app.config[
'SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = f"mysql+pymysql://{USERNAME}:{PASSWORD}@{HOSTNAME}:{PORT}/{DATABASE}?charset=utf8mb4"
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
创建数据库
class User(db.Model):
__tablename__ = "user"
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
username = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
password = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
email = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
db.create_all()
增删改查:
@app.route('/user/add')
def user_add(): # put application's code here
user1 = User(username="lzy", password="123456")
db.session.add(user1)
db.session.commit()
return '用户添加成功'
@app.route('/user/query')
def user_query(): # put application's code here
# user=User.query.get(1)
# print(user.id,user.username)
users = User.query.filter_by(username="lzy")
for user in users:
print(user.username)
return "数据查找成功"
@app.route('/user/update')
def user_update(): # put application's code here
user = User.query.filter_by(username="lzy").first()
user.username = "lzy爱hahaha"
db.session.commit()
return "修改成功"
@app.route('/user/delete')
def user_delete(): # put application's code here
user = User.query.get(1)
db.session.delete(user)
db.session.commit()
return "删除成功"
创建外键:
class User(db.Model):
__tablename__ = "user"
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
username = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
password = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
email = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
class Article(db.Model):
__tablename__ = "article"
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
title = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)
content = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("user.id"))#外键
建立联系
class User(db.Model):
__tablename__ = "user"
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
username = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
password = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
email = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
class Article(db.Model):
__tablename__ = "article"
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
title = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)
content = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("user.id"))
author = db.relationship("User",backref="articles")#backref
模型迁移三部曲
note:第一步完成一次之后,都只要运行后面两句代码
from flask_migrate import Migrate
migrate = Migrate(app, db)
#1 创建初始化环境
flask db init
#2 生成迁移脚本
flask db migrate
#3 执行迁移脚本
flask db upgrade