并查集算法练习

并查集
核心思想：查询和合并
查询：查询根节点
合并：合并根节点

力扣(岛屿数量。200)

class Solution {
    class UnionFind {
        int count;
        int[] parent;
        int[] rank;

        public UnionFind(char[][] grid) {
            count = 0;
            int m = grid.length;
            int n = grid[0].length;
            parent = new int[m * n];
            rank = new int[m * n];
            for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
                for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                    if (grid[i][j] == '1') {
                        parent[i * n + j] = i * n + j;
                        ++count;
                    }
                    rank[i * n + j] = 0;
                }
            }
        }

        public int find(int i) {
            if (parent[i] != i) parent[i] = find(parent[i]);
            return parent[i];
        }

        public void union(int x, int y) {
            int rootx = find(x);
            int rooty = find(y);
            if (rootx != rooty) {
                if (rank[rootx] > rank[rooty]) {
                    parent[rooty] = rootx;
                } else if (rank[rootx] < rank[rooty]) {
                    parent[rootx] = rooty;
                } else {
                    parent[rooty] = rootx;
                    rank[rootx] += 1;
                }
                --count;
            }
        }

        public int getCount() {
            return count;
        }
    }

    public int numIslands(char[][] grid) {
        if (grid == null || grid.length == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        int nr = grid.length;
        int nc = grid[0].length;
        int num_islands = 0;
        UnionFind uf = new UnionFind(grid);
        for (int r = 0; r < nr; ++r) {
            for (int c = 0; c < nc; ++c) {
                if (grid[r][c] == '1') {
                    grid[r][c] = '0';
                    if (r - 1 >= 0 && grid[r-1][c] == '1') {
                        uf.union(r * nc + c, (r-1) * nc + c);
                    }
                    if (r + 1 < nr && grid[r+1][c] == '1') {
                        uf.union(r * nc + c, (r+1) * nc + c);
                    }
                    if (c - 1 >= 0 && grid[r][c-1] == '1') {
                        uf.union(r * nc + c, r * nc + c - 1);
                    }
                    if (c + 1 < nc && grid[r][c+1] == '1') {
                        uf.union(r * nc + c, r * nc + c + 1);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return uf.getCount();
    }
}

力扣（省份数量547）

使用并查集。初始时，每个城市都属于不同的连通分量。遍历矩阵 如果两个城市之间有相连关系，则它们属于同一个，对它们进行合并。

class Solution {
    public int findCircleNum(int[][] isConnected) {
        int provinces = isConnected.length;
        int[] parent = new int[provinces];
        for (int i = 0; i < provinces; i++) {
            parent[i] = i;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < provinces; i++) {
            for (int j = i + 1; j < provinces; j++) {
                if (isConnected[i][j] == 1) {
                    union(parent, i, j);
                }
            }
        }
        int circles = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < provinces; i++) {
            if (parent[i] == i) {
                circles++;
            }
        }
        return circles;
    }

    public void union(int[] parent, int index1, int index2) {
        parent[find(parent, index1)] = find(parent, index2);
    }

    public int find(int[] parent, int index) {
        if (parent[index] != index) {
            parent[index] = find(parent, parent[index]);
        }
        return parent[index];
    }
}

力扣(账户合并721)

class Solution {
    public List<List<String>> accountsMerge(List<List<String>> accounts) {
        Map<String, Integer> emailToIndex = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
        Map<String, String> emailToName = new HashMap<String, String>();
        int emailsCount = 0;
        for (List<String> account : accounts) {
            String name = account.get(0);
            int size = account.size();
            for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {
                String email = account.get(i);
                if (!emailToIndex.containsKey(email)) {
                    emailToIndex.put(email, emailsCount++);
                    emailToName.put(email, name);
                }
            }
        }
        UnionFind uf = new UnionFind(emailsCount);
        for (List<String> account : accounts) {
            String firstEmail = account.get(1);
            int firstIndex = emailToIndex.get(firstEmail);
            int size = account.size();
            for (int i = 2; i < size; i++) {
                String nextEmail = account.get(i);
                int nextIndex = emailToIndex.get(nextEmail);
                uf.union(firstIndex, nextIndex);
            }
        }
        Map<Integer, List<String>> indexToEmails = new HashMap<Integer, List<String>>();
        for (String email : emailToIndex.keySet()) {
            int index = uf.find(emailToIndex.get(email));
            List<String> account = indexToEmails.getOrDefault(index, new ArrayList<String>());
            account.add(email);
            indexToEmails.put(index, account);
        }
        List<List<String>> merged = new ArrayList<List<String>>();
        for (List<String> emails : indexToEmails.values()) {
            Collections.sort(emails);
            String name = emailToName.get(emails.get(0));
            List<String> account = new ArrayList<String>();
            account.add(name);
            account.addAll(emails);
            merged.add(account);
        }
        return merged;
    }
}

class UnionFind {
    int[] parent;

    public UnionFind(int n) {
        parent = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            parent[i] = i;
        }
    }

    public void union(int index1, int index2) {
        parent[find(index2)] = find(index1);
    }

    public int find(int index) {
        if (parent[index] != index) {
            parent[index] = find(parent[index]);
        }
        return parent[index];
    }
}