基于pyqgis的遥感影像智能解译平台开发

0.项目调研

由于项目需要开发一个结合深度学习模型进行智能解译，并且能够对解译完的矢量进行编辑，因此大致制定了三个可行方案：1、基于python现有的gis二次开发库进行实现。2、基于c#的AE二次开发实现。3、基于Webgis中可用的GIS平台API实现。

考虑到c#实现涉及到跨平台的问题，并且AE里面也没有合适的矢量编辑组件，需要从基础逻辑开始实现鼠标编辑功能，而WebGIS的实现会涉及到前后端的问题，一般遥感影像数据量较大，部署到后端可能会不方便，因此最后考虑利用基于python的pyqgis库进行项目开发。

1.参考资料

知乎里面有位博主针对pyqgis的二次开发写了详细的基础教程，初学者参考价值非常大：

pyqgis二次开发专栏 - 知乎

此外，pyqgis的官方教程也非常具有参考价值：Map Rendering and Printing — QGIS Documentation documentation

2.矢量编辑功能

class VertexDragTool22(QgsMapTool):
    def __init__(self, canvas, layer):
        super().__init__(canvas)
        self.canvas = canvas
        self.layer = layer
        self.dragging = False
        self.feature_s = None
        self.start_point = None

    def activate(self):
        self.canvas.setCursor(Qt.CrossCursor)

    def deactivate(self):
        self.canvas.setCursor(Qt.ArrowCursor)

    def canvasPressEvent(self, e):
        if e.button() == Qt.LeftButton:
            point = self.toMapCoordinates(e.pos())
            features = self.layer.selectedFeatures()
            for feature in features:
                if feature:
                    self.feature_s = feature
                    self.start_point = point
                    self.dragging = True
                    e.accept()
            feature = self.feature_s
            geometry = feature.geometry()
            if geometry.type():
                parts = geometry.asMultiPolygon()

                # 创建一个空列表，用于存储单独的Polygon
                polygons = []

                # 遍历各个部分并将其转换为Polygon
                for part in parts:
                    polygon = QgsGeometry.fromPolygonXY(part)
                    polygons.append(polygon)
                polygon = polygons[0].asPolygon()
                self.closest_vertex_index = self.getClosestVertexIndex(polygon, point)

    def canvasReleaseEvent(self, e):
        if self.dragging:
            self.dragging = False
            e.accept()

    def canvasMoveEvent(self, e):
        if self.dragging:
            current_point = self.toMapCoordinates(e.pos())
            delta = current_point - self.start_point
            self.layer.startEditing()
            feature = self.feature_s
            geometry = feature.geometry()
            if geometry.type():
                parts = geometry.asMultiPolygon()
                if geometry.type()==2:
                    parts = geometry.asMultiPolygon()

                    # 创建一个空列表，用于存储单独的Polygon
                    polygons = []

                    # 遍历各个部分并将其转换为Polygon
                    for part in parts:
                        polygon = QgsGeometry.fromPolygonXY(part)
                        polygons.append(polygon)
                    polygon = polygons[0].asPolygon()
                else:
                    polygon=geometry.asPolygon()
                closest_vertex_index = self.closest_vertex_index
                polygon[0][closest_vertex_index] = QgsPointXY(current_point)
                new_geometry = QgsGeometry.fromPolygonXY(polygon)
                self.layer.changeGeometry(feature.id(), new_geometry)
                self.start_point = current_point
                self.layer.commitChanges()

    def getClosestFeature(self, point):
        for feature in self.layer.getFeatures():
            if feature.geometry().nearestPoint(point) == point:
                return feature
        return None

    def getClosestVertexIndex(self, vertices, point):
        closest_vertex_index = None
        min_distance = float('inf')
        for verticess in vertices:
            for i, vertex in enumerate(verticess):
                distance = point.distance(vertex)
                if distance < min_distance:
                    min_distance = distance
                    closest_vertex_index = i
        return closest_vertex_index

主要定义了一个工具类，利用工具类中的鼠标点击和移动函数，对需要编辑的矢量进行捕获和移动。

3.踩坑

需要注意，在QT中选中的图标文件路径是基于当前路径（qt文件所在路径的相对位置），而主函数中工作路径可能为上一级路径。

进度条需要将主窗体传入函数中实现。