设计模式 —— 工厂模式

已于 2022-04-11 16:27:03 修改
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分类专栏： 设计模式 文章标签： java
于 2022-04-11 16:26:41 首次发布
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工厂模式

2.1、什么是工厂模式

2.2.1、概念

概念：通过工厂类，创建对象

传统创建工厂的方式：

User user = new User();

2.2.2、好处

好处：解耦合。

耦合：指定是代码间的强关联关系，⼀方的改变会影响到另⼀方；
耦合问题：不利于代码维护；
简单理解：把接⼝的实现类，硬编码在程序中；

2.3、工厂模式使用

2.3.1、使用前

  1. 实体类

    package cn.edu.hziee.pojo;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private String password;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name, String password) {
        this.name = name;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

  2. dao层

    • UserDAO

      package cn.edu.hziee.dao;

import cn.edu.hziee.pojo.User;

public interface UserDAO {
    public void save(User user);
    public void queryUserByNameAndPassword(String name, String password);
}

    • UserDAOImpl

      package cn.edu.hziee.dao;

import cn.edu.hziee.pojo.User;

public class UserDAOImpl implements UserDAO {
    @Override
    public void save(User user) {
        System.out.println("insert into user = " + user);
    }

    @Override
    public void queryUserByNameAndPassword(String name, String password) {
        System.out.println("query User name = " + name + " ; password = " + password);
    }
}

  3. Service层

    • UserService

      package cn.edu.hziee.service;

import cn.edu.hziee.pojo.User;

public interface UserService {
    public void register(User user);
    public void login(String name, String password);
}

    • UserServiceImpl

      package cn.edu.hziee.service;

import cn.edu.hziee.dao.UserDAO;
import cn.edu.hziee.dao.UserDAOImpl;
import cn.edu.hziee.pojo.User;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDAO userDAO = new UserDAOImpl();

    @Override
    public void register(User user) {
        userDAO.save(user);
    }

    @Override
    public void login(String name, String password) {
        userDAO.queryUserByNameAndPassword(name,password);
    }
}

  4. 测试类

    @Test
public void userTest(){
    UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();
    User user = new User("zhangsan","123456");
    userService.register(user);
    userService.login("zhangsan","123456");
}

  5. 运行结果

    insert into user = User{name='zhangsan', password='123456'}
query User name = zhangsan ; password = 123456

问题：存在代码耦合

测试类中的：

UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();

在修改UserServiceImpl()类后需要修改原测试类代码，不利于代码维护。

2.3.2、简单工厂

增加工厂类

  1. BeanFactoty

    package cn.edu.hziee.factory;

import cn.edu.hziee.service.UserService;
import cn.edu.hziee.service.UserServiceImpl;

public class BeanFactory {
    public static UserService getUserService(){
        return new UserServiceImpl();
    }
}

  2. 修改测试类

    @Test
public void userTest(){
    UserService userService = BeanFactory.getUserService();
    User user = new User("zhangsan","123456");
    userService.register(user);
    userService.login("zhangsan","123456");
}

  3. 运行结果

    insert into user = User{name='zhangsan', password='123456'}
query User name = zhangsan ; password = 123456

解决了测试类中的 UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl(); 的代码耦合。

问题：但是增加了工程类中的 return new UserServiceImpl(); 的代码耦合。

2.3.3、反射工厂

对象的创建方式：

  1. 直接调用构造方法 创建对象 UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();

  2. 通过反射的形式 创建对象 解耦合

    Class clazz = Class.forName(“cn.edu.hziee.service.UserServiceImpl”);
    userService = (UserService) clazz.newInstance();

  3. 修改工厂类

    BeanFactory

    package cn.edu.hziee.factory;

import cn.edu.hziee.service.UserService;

public class BeanFactory {
    public static UserService getUserService(){

        UserService userService = null;
        try {
            Class clazz = Class.forName("cn.edu.hziee.service.UserServiceImpl");
            userService = (UserService) clazz.newInstance();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return userService;
    }
}

  4. 测试类

    @Test
public void userTest(){
    UserService userService = BeanFactory.getUserService();
    User user = new User("zhangsan","123456");
    userService.register(user);
    userService.login("zhangsan","123456");
}

  5. 运行结果

    insert into user = User{name='zhangsan', password='123456'}
query User name = zhangsan ; password = 123456

解决了工程类中的 return new UserServiceImpl(); 的代码耦合。

问题：但是增加了 Class clazz = Class.forName("cn.edu.hziee.service.UserServiceImpl"); 的代码耦合。

解决方案：

  1. 增加applicationContext.properties

    userService = cn.edu.hziee.service.UserServiceImpl

  2. 修改BeanFactory工厂类

    package cn.edu.hziee.factory;

import cn.edu.hziee.service.UserService;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class BeanFactory {
    private static Properties env = new Properties();
    static {
        try {
            InputStream inputStream = BeanFactory.class.getResourceAsStream("/applicationContext.properties");
            env.load(inputStream);
            inputStream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static UserService getUserService(){

        UserService userService = null;
        try {
            Class clazz = Class.forName(env.getProperty("userService"));
            userService = (UserService) clazz.newInstance();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return userService;
    }
}

  3. 测试类

    @Test
public void userTest(){
    UserService userService = BeanFactory.getUserService();
    User user = new User("zhangsan","123456");
    userService.register(user);
    userService.login("zhangsan","123456");
}

  4. 运行结果

    insert into user = User{name='zhangsan', password='123456'}
query User name = zhangsan ; password = 123456

解除UserServiceImpl中 private UserDAO userDAO = new UserDAOImpl(); 的代码耦合。同理：

  1. 增加BeanFactoty中getUserDAO()方法

    package cn.edu.hziee.factory;

import cn.edu.hziee.dao.UserDAO;
import cn.edu.hziee.service.UserService;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class BeanFactory {
    private static Properties env = new Properties();
    static {
        try {
            InputStream inputStream = BeanFactory.class.getResourceAsStream("/applicationContext.properties");
            env.load(inputStream);
            inputStream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static UserService getUserService(){

        UserService userService = null;
        try {
            Class clazz = Class.forName(env.getProperty("userService"));
            userService = (UserService) clazz.newInstance();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return userService;
    }

    public static UserDAO getUserDAO(){
        UserDAO userDAO = null;
        try {
            Class clazz = Class.forName(env.getProperty("userDAO"));
            userDAO = (UserDAO) clazz.newInstance();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return userDAO;
    }
}

  2. 增加applicationContext.properties数据

    userService = cn.edu.hziee.service.UserServiceImpl
userDAO = cn.edu.hziee.dao.UserDAOImpl

  3. 修改UserServiceImpl

    package cn.edu.hziee.service;

import cn.edu.hziee.dao.UserDAO;
import cn.edu.hziee.factory.BeanFactory;
import cn.edu.hziee.pojo.User;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDAO userDAO = BeanFactory.getUserDAO();

    @Override
    public void register(User user) {
        userDAO.save(user);
    }

    @Override
    public void login(String name, String password) {
        userDAO.queryUserByNameAndPassword(name,password);
    }
}

  4. 测试类

    @Test
public void userTest(){
    UserService userService = BeanFactory.getUserService();
    User user = new User("zhangsan","123456");
    userService.register(user);
    userService.login("zhangsan","123456");
}

  5. 运行结果

    insert into user = User{name='zhangsan', password='123456'}
query User name = zhangsan ; password = 123456

2.3.4、通用工厂

反射工厂的问题：BeanFactory中的大量代码结构相同，造成大量的代码冗余

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-XJIcZQUB-1649665500206)(D:\Typora\Typora\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210725183509690.png)]

  1. 修改BeanFactory工厂类

    package cn.edu.hziee.factory;

import cn.edu.hziee.dao.UserDAO;
import cn.edu.hziee.service.UserService;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class BeanFactory {
    private static Properties env = new Properties();
    static {
        try {
            InputStream inputStream = BeanFactory.class.getResourceAsStream("/applicationContext.properties");
            env.load(inputStream);
            inputStream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static Object getBean(String className){
        Object bean = null;
        try {
            Class clazz = Class.forName(env.getProperty(className));
            bean = clazz.newInstance();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | IllegalAccessException | InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bean;
    }
}

  2. 修改UserServiceImpl

    package cn.edu.hziee.service;

import cn.edu.hziee.dao.UserDAO;
import cn.edu.hziee.factory.BeanFactory;
import cn.edu.hziee.pojo.User;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDAO userDAO = (UserDAO) BeanFactory.getBean("userDAO");

    @Override
    public void register(User user) {
        userDAO.save(user);
    }

    @Override
    public void login(String name, String password) {
        userDAO.queryUserByNameAndPassword(name,password);
    }
}

  3. 修改测试类

    @Test
public void userTest(){
    UserService userService = (UserService) BeanFactory.getBean("userService");
    User user = new User("zhangsan","123456");
    userService.register(user);
    userService.login("zhangsan","123456");
}

  4. 运行结果

    insert into user = User{name='zhangsan', password='123456'}
query User name = zhangsan ; password = 123456

Spring本质：工厂 ApplicationContext (applicationContext.xml)

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