一.KVM的安装
1.虚拟机调整
修改虚拟机内存，至少设置成2 GB，双击“编辑虚拟机设置”按钮
内存修改为“2048”
在“硬件”选项卡中单击“处理器”， 在虚拟化引擎中勾选如红框内
添加硬盘
选择硬盘，单击“下一步”按钮
选择“SCSI”，单击“下一步”按钮
选中“创建新虚拟磁盘”选项，单击“下一步”按钮
将最大磁盘大小修改为“50”，然后点击“下一步”按钮
单击“完成”按钮，磁盘添加完成
单击“确定”按钮
2.检查CPU参数
启动虚拟机，查看一下内存是否更改成功
[root@localhost ~]# free
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1868688 124980 1585124 8664 158584 1586188
Swap: 2097148 0 2097148
检查CPU是否开启虚拟化支持（如果显示为空，就要检查你虚拟机设置）
3. 挂载新磁盘
用lsblk命令，检查虚拟机是否新增一块50 GB的磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 50G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4G 0 rom
新增了一块磁盘名为sdb，接下来格式化这块磁盘，格式化成ext4格式
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3276800 inodes, 13107200 blocks
655360 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2162163712
400 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
查看磁盘信息
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb: UUID="0cd71265-2183-46aa-b75b-74056fabf82d" TYPE="ext4"
格式化完成后，我们挂载磁盘，先创建挂载目录/kvm_data，然后进行挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /kvm_data
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb /kvm_data/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 855M 17G 5% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.5M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 125M 373M 25% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb 50G 53M 47G 1% /kvm_data
这种方式挂载，重启虚拟机后，需要再次重新挂载，
我们为了方便开机后可以自动挂载，编写/etc/fstab文件，添加文件最末一行
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
#/etc/fstab
#Created by anaconda on Thu Nov 19 00:48:57 2020
#
#Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
#See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=44be7c0d-0204-406e-87f8-ece95ce8f77c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb `/kvm_data` `ext4` defaults 0 0
4. 关闭防火墙和selinux
关闭防火墙并设置开机不自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
关闭SELinux，编辑/etc/selinux/config，将enforcing修改为disabled
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
#This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
#SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing
#disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
``
SELINUX=disabled
``
#SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
修改完成后，重启虚拟机，使其生效，使用getenforce查看
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce
Disabled
5. 安装KVM
[root@kvm ~]# yum install -y virt-* libvirt bridge-utils qemu-img
………
Complete!
二.启动KVM
1.配置网卡
增加桥接网卡ifcfg-br0:
[root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eno16777728 ifcfg-br0
//ifcfg-eno16777736为配置IP的网卡
修改桥接网卡ifcfg-br0的内容:
[root@kvm network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-br0
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=br0
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.200.27
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.200.2
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
DNS1=114.114.114.114
修改NAT网卡ifcfg-eno16777736:
[root@kvm network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eno16777728
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eno16777728
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=eno16777728
DEVICE=eno16777728
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
修改完成网卡内容后，重新启动网卡服务并查看网卡信息:
//看到br0网卡出现并且带有IP，而以前的eno16777728网卡则没有IP。网卡配置完成
[root@kvm network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
[root@kvm network-scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: `eno16777728: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP qlen 1000`
link/ether 00:0c:29:34:53:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: `br0:` <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP
link/ether 00:0c:29:34:53:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet `192.168.200.27/24 brd 192.168.200.255` scope global br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::b0b3:90ff:fe40:c540/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2.启动libvirtd服务
查KVM模块是否加载
[root@kvm network-scripts]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel 162153 0
kvm 525259 1 kvm_intel
启动libvirtd并检查是否成功启动
[root@kvm network-scripts]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@kvm network-scripts]# ps -ef|grep libvirt
启动成功后，使用brctl命令可以看到两个网卡
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cd
[root@kvm ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c2934536d no eno16777728
virbr0 8000.000000000000 yes
3. 命令行安装CentOS 7
上传CentOS 7镜像到/tmp目录下，如果没有镜像的可以自行下载。
上传后，使用ll命令查看/tmp目录下是否存在CentOS 7镜像文件
[root@localhost ~]# mv CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso /tmp/
检测镜像已存在，接下来使用virt-install进行CentOS 7的安装
[root@kvm ~]# virt-install --name=test --memory=512,maxmemory=1024
–vcpus=1,maxvcpus=2 --os-type=linux --os-variant=rhel7 --location=/tmp/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso --disk path=/kvm_data/test.img,size=10 --bridge=br0 --graphics=none --console=pty,target_type=serial --extra-args=“console=tty0 console=ttyS0”
报错（ERROR Host does not support any virtualization options ）： 解决办法： 题出在程序包上？ 1.百度得知spice server是作为一个库提供给qemu使用的,编译出来就是libspice（新知识点get，然而这玩意咋调试排错是完全不懂的，那么先看看qemu-kvm有没有问题吧。 2.ll /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm 先看qemu-kvm是否有执行权限，发现是有的，那么正常。 3./usr/libexec/qemu-kvm --version 手动运行下试试，发现报错： version libssl.so.10 not defined in file libssl.so.10 4.依然通过百度获得解决方法解决办法： yum -y install openssl 如果已经安装，就更新一下 yum -y update openssl 5.我这里直接yum upgrade openssl，神奇的事情发生了， /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm --version 正常显示版本 virt-install 成功通过，问题解决。
打完上面那条命令后，等一会，就可以看见下面这段命令，这是系统基础设置，
带[!]基本都是需要配置的，接下来我们开始配置“Timezone settings”，
输入“2”，按Enter键，命令如下：
- installation log files are stored in /tmp during the installation
- shell is available on TTY2
- when reporting a bug add logs from /tmp as separate text/plain attachments
17:01:51 Not asking for VNC because we don’t have a network
================================================================================
================================================================================
Installation
- Language settings 2) [!] Timezone settings
(English (United States)) (Timezone is not set.) - [!] Installation source 4) [!] Software selection
(Processing…) (Processing…) - [!] Installation Destination 6) [x] Kdump
(No disks selected) (Kdump is enabled) - Network configuration 8) [!] Root password
(Not connected) (Password is not set.) - [!] User creation
(No user will be created)
Please make your choice from above [‘q’ to quit | ‘b’ to begin installation | ‘r’ to refresh]:2
=====================================================================
“Timezone settings”时区设置选择 5) Asia亚洲，再选择城市
62) Shanghai上海，命令如下：
Timezone settings
Available regions
- Africa 6) Atlantic 10) Pacific
- America 7) Australia 11) US
- Antarctica 8) Europe 12) Etc
- Arctic 9) Indian
- Asia
Please select the timezone.
Use numbers or type names directly [b to region list, q to quit]:5
================================================================================
================================================================================
Timezone settings
Available timezones in region Asia
- Aden 28) Irkutsk 54) Pyongyang
- Almaty 29) Jakarta 55) Qatar
- Amman 30) Jayapura 56) Qyzylorda
- Anadyr 31) Jerusalem 57) Rangoon
- Aqtau 32) Kabul 58) Riyadh
- Aqtobe 33) Kamchatka 59) Sakhalin
- Ashgabat 34) Karachi 60) Samarkand
- Baghdad 35) Kathmandu 61) Seoul
- Bahrain 36) Khandyga 62) Shanghai
- Baku 37) Kolkata 63) Singapore
- Bangkok 38)Krasnoyarsk 64) Srednekolymsk
- Beirut 39) Kuala_Lumpur 65) Taipei
- Bishkek 40) Kuching 66) Tashkent
- Brunei 41) Kuwait 67) Tbilisi
- Chita 42) Macau 68) Tehran
- Choibalsan 43) Magadan 69) Thimphu
- Colombo 44) Makassar 70) Tokyo
- Damascus 45) Manila 71) Ulaanbaatar
- Dhaka 46) Muscat 72) Urumqi
- Dili 47) Nicosia 73) Ust-Nera
- Dubai 48) Novokuznetsk 74) Vientiane
- Dushanbe 49) Novosibirsk 75) Vladivostok
Press ENTER to continue - Gaza 50) Omsk 76) Yakutsk
- Hebron 51) Oral 77) Yekaterinburg
- Ho_Chi_Minh 52) Phnom_Penh 78) Yerevan
- Hong_Kong 53) Pontianak
- Hovd
Please select the timezone.
Use numbers or type names directly [b to region list, q to quit]:62
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