Python学习之路（七）用户输入和while循环

1.用户输入和while循环

函数input工作原理

函数input让程序暂停运行，等待用户输入一些文本。获取用户输入后，python将其存储在一个变量中，以方便
使用。

message = input("Tell me something,and I will repeat it back to you:")
print(message)

prompt = "If you tell us who you are,we can peronalize the mesages you see."
prompt += "\nWhat is your first name?"

name=input(prompt)
print("\nHello,"+name+"!")

使用int来获取数值输入

height = input("How tall are you,in inches?")
height = int(height)

if height >= 18:
    print("\nYou're tall enough to ride!")
else:
    print("\nYou'll be able to ride when you're a little older.")

求模运算符

（%）将俩个数相除并返回余数

number = input("Enter a number,and I'll tell you if it's even or odd: ")
number = int(number)

if number % 2 == 0:
    print("\nThe number "+str(number)+" is even.")
else:
    print("\nThe number "+str(number)+" is odd.")

2.while循环简介

for循环针对集合中的每个元素的一个代码块，而while循环不断的运行，直到指定的条件不满足为止

使用while循环

current_number=1
while current_number <=5:
    print(current_number)
    current_number +=1

让用户选择何时退出

prompt = "\nTell me something.and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the progrm."

message = ""

while message != 'quit':
    message =input(prompt)
    if message != 'quit':
        print(message)

使用标志

在要求很多条件都满足才继续运行的程序中，可定义一个变量，用于判断整个程序是否处于活动状态

prompt = "\nTell me something.and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the progrm."

active = True
while active:
    message = input(prompt)
    if message == 'quit':
        active = False
    else:
        print(message)

使用break退出循环

跳出循环，不再执行余下代码

prompt = "\nPlease enter the name of a city you have visited."
prompt += "\n(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.)"

while True:
    city = input(prompt)
    if city == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        print("I'd love to go to "+city.title()+"!")

在循环中使用continue

跳过本次循环，开始下次循环

current_number = 0
while current_number < 10:
	current_number +=1
	if current_number % 2 == 0:
		continue
	print(current_number)

3.使用while循环处理列表和字典

for遍历列表跟字典，while可遍历的同时修改

在列表之间移动元素

unconfirmed_user = ['alice','brian','candace']
confirmed_users = []

while unconfirmed_user:
    current_user = unconfirmed_user.pop()

    print("Verifying user:" + current_user.title())
    confirmed_users.append(current_user)

print("\nThe following users have been confirmed:")
for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:
    print(confirmed_user.title())

删除包含特定值的所有元素

pets = ['dog','cat','dog','goldfish','cat','rabbit','cat']
print(pets)

while 'dog' in pets:
    pets.remove('cat')

print(pets)

使用用户输入来填充字典

respinses = {}

#标志 控制循环是否继续
plooing_active = True

while plooing_active:
    name = input("\nWhat is your name?")
    response = input("Which mountain would you like to climb someday?")

    #往字典添加键值对
    respinses[name] = response

    #确认程序是否继续
    repeat = input("Would you like to let another person respond? (Yes/No)")
    if repeat == 'No':
        plooing_active = False

#显示结果
print("\n--- Poll Results ---")
for name,response in respinses.items():
    print(name + " would like to climb "+response + ".")

4.小结

使用input()让用户提供信息；处理文本和数字输入以及如何使用while循环按用户的要求不断运行；多种控制while循环流程的方式：设置活动标志，使用break以及continue；使用while循环在列表之间移动和删除元素；如何结合使用文化while循环的字典。