挖树机的工作装置设计
论文主要设计研究的是挖树机的工作装置,文章首先通过对传统植被移栽方式弊端的分析,提出机械化移栽的重要性和必要性。并对国内外机械化移栽设备进行研究,分析。通过纵向、横向比较得出我国挖树机发展存在的问题,确定了现阶段研究发展的主要任务和未来的主要方向。
综合国内外挖树机现状,罗列出挖树机的三种整机大致方案,进行分析比对其优缺点,并根据该设计挖树机作业的环境,植被的类型,植被的树龄,移栽的具体需求,以及本次设计的要求,最终确定选择三铲式液压挖树机,上装载平板车上。同时也拟定了主要的输入参数:主机功率、土球直径、土球高度、工作装置提升重量、单株起苗时间以及整机外形尺寸(长×宽×高)等。
对挖树机的液压系统进行设计,通过具体机构设计液压原理图,液压性能件的匹配工作的等。
进行构件的详细设计,该挖树机主要由倾斜升降机构、竖直升降机构、开合支架机构、挖树机构、液压传动装置构成。对这几个部分进行了详细结构和参数的设计,并在这部分对挖树机的具体工作过程进行了论述。
对整机进行了稳定性的分析,防止在挖树过程中出现倾斜或侧翻,并对个别连接销轴进行校核分析,防止出现剪断和弯曲变形。
最后对机械化移栽中要注意的问题和技术经济性进行分析,作出结论并致谢。
关键词:挖树机 升降机构 液压 移栽
Digging machine working device tree design
Thesis research is designed to dig the tree machine working device , the article firstly analyzes the shortcomings of the traditional way of transplanting vegetation , raised the importance and necessity of mechanized transplanting . And study abroad mechanized transplanting equipment, analytical . By vertical, horizontal comparisons of the development of China's machine digging up tree problems identified key tasks and main directions of future research and development stage .
Status tree digging machine at home and abroad , set out the tree machines digging machine roughly three programs to analyze than its advantages and disadvantages, and in accordance with the design environment tree digging machine operation , types of vegetation, vegetation age , shift planted specific needs , as well as the requirements of this design , and ultimately determine the choice of three hydraulic shovel digging up tree machines, the load on the flatbed . Also developed a major input parameters : Host power , earth ball diameter , ball height of the soil , working device to enhance weight lifter time to plant , and Overall dimensions ( length × width × height ) and so on .
Machines for digging tree hydraulic system design, design work to match hydraulic schematic diagram , hydraulic performance parts such as through specific institutions .
Be members of the detailed design, the machine consists of digging up tree inclined lifting mechanism , vertical lifting mechanism , opening and closing brackets institutions , digging trees institutions constitute a hydraulic actuator . Several parts of the design of these structures and parameters in detail , and in this part of the tree digging machine specific work processes are discussed.
Were analyzed for overall stability , prevent digging trees tilt or rollover process , and analyze individual connecting pin be checked to prevent shearing and bending deformation.
Finally mechanized transplanting should pay attention to the technical and economic issues and analyze , draw conclusions , and thanks.
Key Words:Dig Tree machine,Lifting mechanism,Hydraulic,Transplanting
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 传统的植被移栽方式 1
1.2 国内外的机械化移栽设备的研究 2
1.2.1 国外挖树机的研究现状 2
1.2.2 国内挖树机的研究现状 4
1.2.3 我国挖树机发展存在的问题 5
1.3 挖树机的研究意义 6
第2章 挖树机的设计思路 9
2.1 挖树机整机结构现状 9
2.2 两铲式挖树机 9
2.3 切割式挖树机 10
第 3 章 总体设计 13
3.1 方案的确定 13
3.2 设计参数的输入 14
3.3 液压系统的设计 15
3.3.1液压传动的优点 15
3.3.2挖树机的液压系统特点 16
第 4 章 详细设计 19
4.1 挖树机的构造 19
4.2 挖树机的工作过程 22
4.3 挖树机构设计 23
4.3.1 工作铲 23
4.3.2 挖铲的结构设计 24
4.4 挖树机挖树机构的导轨和导轨支架 26
4.4.1导轨及挖树铲刀与导轨的配合 26
4.4.2 导轨支架 27
第 5 章 验证校核 29
5.1 整体的稳定性 29
5.2 销轴的校核 30
5.3 液压缸强度的校核 31
结论 33
参考文献 35
谢辞 36