差分与前缀和

一维前缀和

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const int N = 100010;

int n, m;
int a[N], s[N];

int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ ) scanf("%d", &a[i]);

    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ ) s[i] = s[i - 1] + a[i]; // 前缀和的初始化

    while (m -- )
    {
        int l, r;
        scanf("%d%d", &l, &r);
        printf("%d\n", s[r] - s[l - 1]); // 区间和的计算
    }

    return 0;
}

子矩阵的和：

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const int N = 1010;

int n, m, q;
int s[N][N];

int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d%d", &n, &m, &q);

    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ )
        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j ++ )
            scanf("%d", &s[i][j]);

    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ )
        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j ++ )
            s[i][j] += s[i - 1][j] + s[i][j - 1] - s[i - 1][j - 1];

    while (q -- )
    {
        int x1, y1, x2, y2;
        scanf("%d%d%d%d", &x1, &y1, &x2, &y2);
        printf("%d\n", s[x2][y2] - s[x1 - 1][y2] - s[x2][y1 - 1] + s[x1 - 1][y1 - 1]);
    }

    return 0;
}

一维前缀和，与二维前缀和没有用到插入函数

差分：

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const int N = 100010;

int n, m;
int a[N], b[N];

void insert(int l, int r, int c)
{
    b[l] += c;
    b[r + 1] -= c;
}

int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ ) scanf("%d", &a[i]);

    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ ) insert(i, i, a[i]);

    while (m -- )
    {
        int l, r, c;
        scanf("%d%d%d", &l, &r, &c);
        insert(l, r, c);
    }

    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ ) b[i] += b[i - 1];

    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ ) printf("%d ", b[i]);

    return 0;
}

差分矩阵：

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
const int N = 1e3 + 10;
int a[N][N], b[N][N];
void insert(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int c)
{
    b[x1][y1] += c;
    b[x2 + 1][y1] -= c;
    b[x1][y2 + 1] -= c;
    b[x2 + 1][y2 + 1] += c;
}

int main()
{
    int n, m, q;
    cin >> n >> m >> q;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++)
            cin >> a[i][j];
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++)
        {
            insert(i, j, i, j, a[i][j]);      //构建差分数组
        }
    }
    while (q--)
    {
        int x1, y1, x2, y2, c;
        cin >> x1 >> y1 >> x2 >> y2 >> c;
        insert(x1, y1, x2, y2, c);
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++)
        {
            b[i][j] += b[i - 1][j] + b[i][j - 1] - b[i - 1][j - 1];  //二维前缀和
        }
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++)
        {
            printf("%d ", b[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

原谅我这丑陋的字体