kvm部署

一、 虚拟化介绍

虚拟化是云计算的基础。简单的说，虚拟化使得在一台物理的服务器上可以跑多台虚拟机，虚拟机共享物理机的 CPU、内存、IO 硬件资源，但逻辑上虚拟机之间是相互隔离的。

物理机我们一般称为宿主机（Host），宿主机上面的虚拟机称为客户机（Guest）。

那么 Host 是如何将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的呢？
这个主要是通过一个叫做 Hypervisor 的程序实现的。

根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种：

• 全虚拟化
• 半虚拟化

全虚拟化：
Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型

半虚拟化：
物理机上首先安装常规的操作系统，比如 Redhat、Ubuntu 和 Windows。Hypervisor 作为 OS 上的一个程序模块运行，并对管理虚拟机进行管理。KVM、VirtualBox 和 VMWare Workstation 都属于这个类型

理论上讲：
全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高；
半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM。

二、kvm介绍

kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。
KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。

那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。

作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。

大家在网上看 KVM 相关文章的时候肯定经常会看到 Libvirt 这个东西。

Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。

其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。

Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh

libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求；
API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具；
virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具

三、 kvm部署

部署环境

主机	ip地址
centos7	192.168.153.146
centos8	192.168.153.153

部署kvm（centos8主机）

//关闭防火墙与SELINUX
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@kvm ~]# setenforce 0
[root@kvm ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@kvm ~]# reboot


//配置网络源并下载相应的工具
[root@kvm ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install epel-release 
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y  vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++

//验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的
[root@kvm ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
vmx
vmx


//安装kvm
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-common qemu-img virt-manager libvirt python3-libvirt libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools
安装过程略......



//配置桥接网卡
[root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@kvm network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens160
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens160 ifcfg-br0
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
TYPE=Bridge
DEVICE=br0
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.153.153
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens160 
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens160
DEVICE=ens160
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0





//重启网络
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@kvm ~]# ifdown ens160 ;ifup ens160 
[root@kvm ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:e9:0e:6b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:4c:c5:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:4c:c5:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:e9:0e:6b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.153.153/24 brd 192.168.153.255 scope global noprefixroute br0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee9:e6b/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever





//启动服务
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/libvirtd.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.socket.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/libvirtd-ro.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd-ro.socket.

//验证安装结果
[root@kvm ~]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel             294912  0
kvm                   786432  1 kvm_intel
irqbypass              16384  1 kvm




//测试并验证安装结果
[root@kvm ~]#  virsh -c qemu:///system list
 Id   名称   状态
-------------------

[root@kvm ~]# virt-install --version
2.2.1
[root@kvm ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@kvm ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 10月 20 21:34 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
//查看网桥信息
[root@kvm ~]#  brctl show
bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
br0             8000.000c29e90e6b       no              ens160
virbr0          8000.5254004cc583       yes             virbr0-nic

kvm web管理界面安装(centos7主机)

//安装依赖包
[root@kvm-web ~]#  yum -y install epel-release
[root@kvm-web ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel gnutls libgcrypt

//从github上下载webvirtmgr代码
[root@kvm-web ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@kvm-web src]# ls
debug  kernels
[root@kvm-web src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
正克隆到 'webvirtmgr'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 5614, done.
remote: Total 5614 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 5614
接收对象中: 100% (5614/5614), 2.97 MiB | 1.22 MiB/s, done.
处理 delta 中: 100% (3606/3606), done.


//安装webvirtmgr
[root@kvm-web src]# cd webvirtmgr/ 
[root@kvm-web webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt
Collecting django==1.5.5 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/38/49/93511c5d3367b6b21fc2995a0e53399721afc15e4cd6eb57be879ae13ad4/Django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 8.1MB 183kB/s 
Collecting gunicorn==19.5.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f9/4e/f4076a1a57fc1e75edc0828db365cfa9005f9f6b4a51b489ae39a91eb4be/gunicorn-19.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (113kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 122kB 4.0MB/s 
Collecting lockfile>=0.9 (from -r requirements.txt (line 5))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c8/22/9460e311f340cb62d26a38c419b1381b8593b0bb6b5d1f056938b086d362/lockfile-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: django, gunicorn, lockfile
  Running setup.py install for django ... done
Successfully installed django-1.5.5 gunicorn-19.5.0 lockfile-0.12.2
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 21.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

//检查sqlite3是否安装
[root@kvm-web  webvirtmgr]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Nov 16 2020, 22:23:17) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()



//初始化
[root@kvm-web  webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor

You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): admin
Email address: csl@123.com
Password: 
Password (again): 
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)


//创建网站存放目录
[root@kvm-web ~]#  mkdir /var/www
[root@kvm-web ~]#  cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr /var/www/
[root@kvm-web ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/



//生成密钥 因为是在一台主机上 所以传给本主机 如果有其他kvm主机传给他即可管理
[root@kvm-web ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:FXzQakV0PI38FkUcJaTsHYtjns7opoX7eXweKKwWuyw root@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|         .o=o++*B|
|          .o+o=oo|
|          .+o .o.|
|         .o. o oo|
|        S.  = o. |
|        .o o +   |
|        .o+.+ .  |
|      E.o+.*o .. |
|       o**=.oo.  |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@kvm-web ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.153.153
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.153.153 (192.168.153.153)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:zVKjiyBlSxN2OvRzvPJ/IuTh+ysJo/vayRVzEHtDSJE.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:4c:ea:8a:fc:b5:15:a2:7b:00:d2:f9:5c:46:a9:6d:d8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.153.153's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '192.168.153.153'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.


//端口转发
[root@kvm-web ~]# ssh root@192.168.153.153 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
Last login: Wed Oct 20 13:58:33 2021
[root@kvm-web ~]# ss -antl 
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port  Peer Address:Port Process                                                    
LISTEN 0      32     192.168.122.1:53         0.0.0.0:*                                                               
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22         0.0.0.0:*                                                               
LISTEN 0      128        127.0.0.1:6080       0.0.0.0:*                                                               
LISTEN 0      128        127.0.0.1:8000       0.0.0.0:*                                                               
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:111        0.0.0.0:*                                                               
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22            [::]:*                                                               
LISTEN 0      128            [::1]:6080          [::]:*                                                               
LISTEN 0      128            [::1]:8000          [::]:*                                                               
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:111           [::]:*                                                               

//配置nginx
[root@kvm-web ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {
            root html;
            index index.html index.htm;
        }

        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
}




[root@kvm-web ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
server {
    listen 80 default_server;

    server_name $hostname;
    #access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;

    location /static/ {
        root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
        expires max;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
        proxy_connect_timeout 600;
        proxy_read_timeout 600;
        proxy_send_timeout 600;
        client_max_body_size 1024M;
    }
}

 
[root@kvm-web ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
bind = '0.0.0.0:8000'  #更改为此行

//重启nginx
[root@kvm-web ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@kvm-web ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128       *:80                    *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128       *:22                    *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                    *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128      :::22                   :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100     ::1:25                   :::*                  

//设置supervisor
[root@kvm-web ~]# vi /etc/supervisord.conf
.....此处省略上面的内容，在文件最后加上以下内容
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx

[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx



//启动服务
[root@kvm-web ~]# systemctl start supervisord
[root@kvm-web ~]# systemctl enable supervisord
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service. 
[root@kvm-web ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128       *:8000                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100       *:6080                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128       *:80                    *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128       *:22                    *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                    *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128      :::22                   :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100     ::1:25                   :::*                  


//配置nginx用户
[root@kvm-web ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:fXLN0BJzp12hkmi8i+0zV/q6UDnYsaSltguucxLxUQc nginx@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|         E. o ..+|
|        .....=.+.|
|        .+.*o.o .|
|     . ...O ==   |
|      o S*o*o o  |
|     . .+ ++..   |
|      .o =  o    |
|     o..oooo     |
|     .=. o+o+.   |
+----[SHA256]-----+
-bash-4.2$ touch ~/.ssh/config && echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null"
StrictHostKeyChecking=no
UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null
-bash-4.2$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.153.153
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.153.153 (192.168.153.153)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:zVKjiyBlSxN2OvRzvPJ/IuTh+ysJo/vayRVzEHtDSJE.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:4c:ea:8a:fc:b5:15:a2:7b:00:d2:f9:5c:46:a9:6d:d8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.153.153's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.153.153'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

-bash-4.2$ exit


[root@kvm-web ~]# cat /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[Remote libvirt SSH access]
Identity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes

[root@kvm-web ~]#   systemctl restart nginx
[root@kvm-web ~]#   ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128       *:8000                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100       *:6080                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128       *:80                    *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128       *:22                    *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                    *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128      :::22                   :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100     ::1:25                   :::*                  
[root@kvm-web ~]# systemctl restart nginx  //centos7重启

[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd   //centos8重启

kvm web界面管理
使用centos7主机IP地址访问http://192.168.153.146/login/
登录密码为之前所创建的管理员账户和密码






进入存储：


通过远程连接软件上传ISO镜像文件至存储目录/var/lib/libvirt/images/

[root@kvm ~]# cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@kvm images]# ls
[root@kvm images]#

Upload SCP
CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso          (4263.00 MB, 8:45 min = 8.12 MB/sec)


[root@kvm images]# ls
CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso

在 web 界面查看ISO镜像是否存在

创建系统安装镜像

kvm网络管理

实例管理
实例(虚拟机)创建



虚拟机插入光盘

设置在 web 上访问虚拟机的密码

启动虚拟机