SaltStack进阶

1. masterless

1.1 应用场景

  • master 与 minion 网络不通或通信有延迟,即网络不稳定
  • 想在 minion 端直接执行状态

传统的 SaltStack 是需要通过 master 来执行状态控制 minion 从而实现状态的管理,但是当网络不稳定的时候,当想在minion本地执行状态的时候,当在只有一台主机的时候,想执行状态该怎么办呢?这就需要用到 masterless 了。

有了masterless,即使你只有一台主机,也能玩saltstack,而不需要你有N台主机架构。

1.2 masterless配置

1.2.1 修改配置文件minion
  • 注释master行
  • 取消注释file_client并设其值为local
  • 设置file_roots
  • 设置pillar_roots
[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
....此处省略N行
# resolved, then the minion will fail to start.
# master: salt      //注释此行
....此处省略N行
file_client: local  //取消此行注释并将值设为local
....此处省略N行
file_roots:         //设置file_roots的路径和环境,可有多套环境
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
....此处省略N行
pillar_roots:      //设置pillar_roots的路径和环境,可有多套环境
  base:
    - /srv/pillar/base

创建结构
[root@minion ~]# mkdir -p /srv/{pillar,salt}/base
[root@minion ~]# tree /srv/
/srv/
├── pillar
│   └── base
└── salt
    └── base
1.2.2 关闭salt-minion服务

使用 masterless 模式时是不需要启动任何服务的,包括salt-master和salt-minion。

[root@minion ~]# systemctl stop salt-minion
[root@minion ~]# systemctl disable salt-minion
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/salt-minion.service.
1.2.3 salt-call

masterless模式执行模块或状态时需要使用salt-call命令,而不再是salt或者salt-ssh。需要注意的是要使用salt-call的–local选项。

[root@minion ~]# salt-call --local cmd.run  'date'
local:
    Mon Nov 29 17:26:34 CST 2021

 
 
     
[root@minion ~]# salt-call --local cmd.run 'ls -l /root'
local:
    total 4
    -rw-------. 1 root root 1384 Oct 11 16:06 anaconda-ks.cfg

[root@minion ~]# salt-call --local cmd.run 'uptime'
local:
     17:32:55 up  3:49,  3 users,  load average: 0.06, 0.08, 0.08

[root@minion ~]# salt-call  --local state.sls init.history.main
local:
----------
          ID: history
    Function: file.line
        Name: /etc/profile
      Result: True
     Comment: No changes needed to be made
     Started: 17:36:34.715565
    Duration: 16.63 ms
     Changes:   

Summary for local
------------
Succeeded: 1
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     1
Total run time:  16.630 ms



2. salt-master高可用

2.1 salt-master高可用配置

我们需要用salt来管理公司的所有机器,那么salt的master就不能宕机,否则就会整个瘫痪,所以我们必须要对salt进行高可用。salt的高可用配置非常简单,只需要改一下minion配置文件,将master用列表的形式列出即可。

[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
....此处省略N行
master:
  - 192.168.153.139
  - 192.168.153.155
....此处省略N行

本例列出的69.201和69.202上必须都安装了salt-master且保证服务都是正常状态。

2.2 salt-master高可用之数据同步

涉及到高可用时,数据的同步是个永恒的话题,我们必须保证高可用的2个master间使用的数据是一致的,包括:

  • /etc/salt/master配置文件
  • /etc/salt/pki目录下的所有key
  • /srv/下的salt和pillar目录下的所有文件

保障这些数据同步的方案有:

  • nfs挂载
  • rsync同步
  • 使用gitlab进行版本控制

安全相关:
为保证数据的同步与防止丢失,可将状态文件通过gitlab进行版本控制管理。

高可用部署

环境

主机类型IP要安装的应用
master01(主)192.168.153.139salt-master
master02(备)192.168.153.155salt-master
minion192.168.153.153salt-minion

第一步安装

master01和master02安装salt-master(因为配置一样所以省略master02步骤)

//配置yum源
[root@master01 yum.repos.d]#  rpm --import https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest/SALTSTACK-GPG-KEY.pub
[root@master yum.repos.d]# curl -fsSL https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo

   
[root@master01 ~]# yum clean all
已加载插件:fastestmirror
正在清理软件源: base epel extras salt-latest updates
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

//安装saltstack主控端
[root@master01 ~]# yum -y install salt-master 
安装过程略....


//启动主控端的salt-master,并设置开机自启
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl start salt-master
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl enable salt-master
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/salt-master.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-master.service.
[root@master01 ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q     Local Address:Port      Peer Address:Port   
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:111            0.0.0.0:*      
LISTEN   0        32         192.168.122.1:53             0.0.0.0:*      
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:22             0.0.0.0:*      
LISTEN   0        5              127.0.0.1:631            0.0.0.0:*      
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:4505           0.0.0.0:*      
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:4506           0.0.0.0:*      
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:111               [::]:*      
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:22                [::]:*      
LISTEN   0        5                  [::1]:631               [::]:*       

minion安装salt-minion

//配置yum源
[root@minion yum.repos.d]#  rpm --import https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest/SALTSTACK-GPG-KEY.pub
[root@minion yum.repos.d]# curl -fsSL https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo
   
[root@minion ~]# yum clean all
已加载插件:fastestmirror
正在清理软件源: base epel extras salt-latest updates
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors


[root@minion ~]# yum -y install salt-minion
安装过程略....



//启动受控端的salt-minion并设置开机自启
[root@minion ~]# systemctl start salt-minion
[root@minion ~]#  systemctl enable salt-minion
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/salt-minion.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-minion.service.

第二步配置

master01和master02配置(因为配置一样所以省略master02步骤)

[root@master01 ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
....此处省略N行

pillar_roots:      //设置pillar_roots的路径和环境
  base:
    - /srv/pillar/base
  test:
    - /srv/pillar/test
  dev:
    - /srv/pillar/dev
  prod:
    - /srv/pillar/prod

....此处省略N行

file_roots:       //设置file_roots的路径和环境
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  test:
    - /srv/salt/test
  dev:
    - /srv/salt/dev
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod


[root@master01 ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}  
[root@master01 ~]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
├── base
├── dev
├── prod
└── test

[root@master01 ~]# mkdir -p /srv/pillar/{base,test,dev,prod}  
[root@master01 ~]# tree /srv/pillar/
/srv/pillar/
├── base
├── dev
├── prod
└── test

minion配置

[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion   #添加master01服务端
....此处省略N行
master: 192.168.153.139
 
....此处省略N行

[root@minion ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service

第三步测试

首先master01测试

[root@master01 ~]# salt-key -L  #查看minion的键值
Accepted Keys:
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
node1
Rejected Keys:

[root@master01 ~]# salt-key -yA   #接受minion的键值
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
node1

[root@master01 ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
node1
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:

[root@master01 ~]# salt '*' test.ping   #测试是否能ping通
node1:
    True



当主master01与minion端ping通后,再将master01主机上的/etc/salt/pki/master目录中的公钥与私钥传(master.pem master.pub)输到备(masters主机)的/etc/salt/pki/master目录中。

[root@master01 ~]# cd /etc/salt/pki
[root@master01 pki]# scp -r master/master.pem  192.168.153.155:/etc/salt/pki/master/
root@192.168.153.155's password: 
master.pem                                                                                                                              100% 1675     3.4MB/s   00:00    
[root@master01 pki]# scp -r master/master.pub   192.168.153.155:/etc/salt/pki/master/
root@192.168.153.155's password: 
master.pub                                                                                                                              100%  451     1.0MB/s   00:00    

传输完成后,再去修改minion的配置文件内容如下:

[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
.....
# Set the location of the salt master server. If the master server cannot be
# resolved, then the minion will fail to start.
#master: salt
master: 192.168.153.155    //指定备masters02

# Set http proxy information for the minion when doing requests
......

修改完成后重启salt-minion
[root@minion ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion

等待证书生成后,授权证书,进行test.ping检测(注意防火墙)

[root@master02 master]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
node1
Rejected Keys:
[root@master02 ~]# salt-key -ya node1
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
node1
Key for minion node1 accepted.
[root@master02 ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
node1
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:
[root@master02 ~]# salt '*' test.ping
node1:
    True

当两台master都能ping通之后,最后再进行高可用设置,如下:

[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
.....
# Set the location of the salt master server. If the master server cannot be
# resolved, then the minion will fail to start.
#master: salt
master: 
  - 192.168.153.139    //指定主master01
  - 192.168.153.155    //指定备masters02

# Set http proxy information for the minion when doing requests
......

配置故障转移

[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion

# beacons) without a master connection

master_type: failover    //高可用(故障转移)
----------

# connection events.

#
master_alive_interval: 10       //主机等待的时间间隔

配置完成后重启salt-minion

[root@minion ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion

此时两台salt-master都为开启状态

[root@master01 ]# ss -anlt
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q               Local Address:Port                Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:22                       0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:4505                     0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:4506                     0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             128                           [::]:22                          [::]:*           

[root@masters02 ]# ss -anlt
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q               Local Address:Port                Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:22                       0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:4505                     0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:4506                     0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             128                           [::]:22                          [::]:*          

在主master01上test.ping测试

[root@master01 master]# salt '*' test.ping
node1:
    True   

在备masters02上test.ping测试

[root@master02 ~]# salt '*' test.ping
node1:
    Minion did not return. [No response]
    The minions may not have all finished running and any remaining minions will return upon completion. To look up the return data for this job later, run the following command:
    
    salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20211129121458500646

(当两台主机都在运行状态时,minion只能连接到主master01上

此时的状态文件为

[root@minion ~]# systemctl status salt-minion
● salt-minion.service - The Salt Minion
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-minion.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-11-29 20:12:46 CST; 3min 51s ago
     Docs: man:salt-minion(1)
           file:///usr/share/doc/salt/html/contents.html
           https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/contents.html
 Main PID: 168263 (salt-minion)
    Tasks: 6 (limit: 23648)
   Memory: 94.4M
   CGroup: /system.slice/salt-minion.service
           ├─168263 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
           ├─168268 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
           └─168270 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion

11月 29 20:12:46 node1 systemd[1]: Stopped The Salt Minion.
11月 29 20:12:46 node1 systemd[1]: Starting The Salt Minion...
11月 29 20:12:46 node1 systemd[1]: Started The Salt Minion.
11月 29 20:13:38 node1 salt-minion[168263]: [CRITICAL] 'master_type' set to 'failover' but 'retry_dns' is not 0. Setting 'retry_dns' to 0 to failover to the next master > 

模拟主master01挂彩

[root@master01 ~]# systemctl stop salt-master
[root@master01 ~]# ss -anlt
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q               Local Address:Port                Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:22                       0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             128                           [::]:22                          [::]:*           

再备master02主机上进行test.ping检测

[root@master02 master]# salt '*' test.ping
node1:
    True

此时的状态文件是

[root@minion ~]# systemctl status salt-minion
● salt-minion.service - The Salt Minion
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-minion.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-11-29 20:12:46 CST; 8min ago
     Docs: man:salt-minion(1)
           file:///usr/share/doc/salt/html/contents.html
           https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/contents.html
 Main PID: 168263 (salt-minion)
    Tasks: 7 (limit: 23648)
   Memory: 95.0M
   CGroup: /system.slice/salt-minion.service
           ├─168263 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
           ├─168268 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
           └─168270 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion

11月 29 20:12:46 node1 systemd[1]: Stopped The Salt Minion.
11月 29 20:12:46 node1 systemd[1]: Starting The Salt Minion...
11月 29 20:12:46 node1 systemd[1]: Started The Salt Minion.
11月 29 20:13:38 node1 salt-minion[168263]: [CRITICAL] 'master_type' set to 'failover' but 'retry_dns' is not 0. Setting 'retry_dns' to 0 to failover to the next master >
11月 29 20:21:10 node1 salt-minion[168263]: [WARNING ] Master ip address changed from 192.168.153.155 to 192.168.153.139
11月 29 20:21:10 node1 salt-minion[168263]: [WARNING ] Master ip address changed from 192.168.153.155 to 192.168.153.139

3. salt-syndic分布式架构

3.1 salt-syndic架构图

在这里插入图片描述

3.2 salt-syndic的优劣势

优势:

  • 可以通过syndic实现更复杂的salt架构
  • 减轻master的负担

劣势:

  • syndic的/srv目录下的salt和pillar目录内容要与最顶层的master下的一致,所以要进行数据同步,同步方案同salt-master高可用
  • 最顶层的master不知道自己有几个syndic,它只知道自己有多少个minion,并不知道这些minion是由哪些syndic来管理的

3.3 salt-syndic部署

3.3.1 环境说明
主机IP角色安装的应用
192.168.153.139Mastersalt-master
192.168.153.130Syndicsalt-master salt-syndic
192.168.153.153Minionsalt-minion
192.168.153.161Minionsalt-minion
3.3.2 安装salt-master与salt-syndic

192.168.153.130上安装salt-mastersalt-syndic,安装前请自行配置yum源

[root@syndic ~]# yum -y install salt-master salt-syndic
3.3.3 配置master

修改master的master配置文件

  • 取消注释order_master
  • 将order_master的值设为True
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
.....此处省略N行
# masters' syndic interfaces.
order_masters: True

[root@master ~]# systemctl enable salt-master
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
3.3.4 配置syndic

修改syndic所在主机的master配置文件

  • 取消注释syndic_master
  • 将syndic_master的值设为master的IP
[root@syndic ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
.....此处省略N行
syndic_master: 192.168.153.139

[root@syndic ~]# systemctl enable   --now salt-master
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/salt-master.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-master.service.
[root@syndic ~]# systemctl enable   --now salt-syndic
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/salt-syndic.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-syndic.service.
[root@syndic ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
[root@syndic ~]# systemctl restart salt-syndic
3.3.5 配置minion

配置minion,将master指向syndic所在主机

[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
.....此处省略N行
master: 192.168.153.130

[root@minion ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
[root@minion ~]# systemctl enable salt-minion
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/salt-minion.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-minion.service.

在所有minion上做同样的操作,注意,要设置minion配置文件中的id参数,指向minion自身的ip地址或主机名,必须能够唯一标识minion本机。

3.3.6 在syndic上接受minion主机的key
[root@syndic ~]# salt-key -A
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
192.168.153.153
192.168.153.161
Proceed? [n/Y] Y
Key for minion 192.168.153.153 accepted.
Key for minion 192.168.153.161 accepted.
[root@syndic ~]# salt-key
Accepted Keys:
192.168.153.153
192.168.153.161
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:
3.3.7 在master上接受syndic主机的key
[root@master ~]# salt-key -A
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
192.168.153.130
Proceed? [n/Y] Y
Key for minion 192.168.153.130 accepted.
[root@master ~]# salt-key
Accepted Keys:
192.168.153.130
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:
3.3.8 在master上执行模块或状态检验有几个minion应答
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping
192.168.153.161:
    True
192.168.153.153:
    True
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