Hibernate入门

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-05 21:47:22 发布

酱苓的码农之路

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-05 21:47:22 发布

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分类专栏： struts 文章标签： hibernate

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_52681702/article/details/120834076

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该博客介绍了Hibernate对象关系映射框架的基本概念、优势及使用步骤。通过添加配置文件和实体类映射，展示了增删改查（CRUD）操作的实现过程，包括配置Hibernate.cfg.xml、User.hbm.xml以及相关Java代码示例。

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一.Hibernate概念：

定义：是一个开放源代码的对象关系映射框架，它对JDBC进行了非常轻量级的对象封装。可以通过操作实体类对象来进行操作数据库。

优势：跨越数据库的无缝衔接

二.Hibernate框架的使用：

第一步：添加hibernate jar包依赖

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.pjl</groupId>
  <artifactId>hib</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>hib Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <properties>
		<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
		<servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version>
		<hibernate.version>5.3.0.Final</hibernate.version>
	<mysql.version>8.0.19</mysql.version>
	</properties>  

  <dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>${junit.version}</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>${servlet.version}</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>${mysql.version}</version>
    </dependency>
	</dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>hib</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

第二步：添加hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件

引入hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd约束

Hibernate.cfg.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
		<session-factory>
	<!--数据库相关 5.7  -->
<!-- 		<property name="connection.username">root</property> -->
<!-- 		<property name="connection.password">123456</property> -->
<!-- 		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://47.100.191.44:3308/lx?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8</property> -->
<!-- 		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> -->
	<!--数据库相关 8.0  -->
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="connection.password">123456</property>
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatis_ssm?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8&amp;serverTimezone=GMT&amp;useSSL=true</property>
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<!-- <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</property> -->

		<!-- 配置本地事务（No CurrentSessionContext configured!） -->
		<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>

		<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		<property name="format_sql">true</property>
		<!-- 配置映射文件 -->
		<mapping resource="com/pjl/one/entity/user.hbm.xml" />

		<!-- 主键生成策略 -->
<!-- 		<mapping resource="com/zking/two/entity/Student.hbm.xml" /> -->
<!-- 		<mapping resource="com/zking/two/entity/Worker.hbm.xml" /> -->

		<!-- 一对多 -->
<!-- 		<mapping resource="com/zking/four/entity/Order.hbm.xml" /> -->
<!-- 		<mapping resource="com/zking/four/entity/OrderItem.hbm.xml" /> -->
		<!-- 一对多的自关联 -->
<!-- 		<mapping resource="com/zking/five/entity/TreeNode.hbm.xml" /> -->

		<!-- 多对多 -->
<!-- 		<mapping resource="com/zking/five/entity/Category.hbm.xml" /> -->
<!-- 		<mapping resource="com/zking/five/entity/Book.hbm.xml" /> -->
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

第三步：User.hbm.xml:（实体类映射文件）

首先建一个User实体类

package com.pjl.one.entity;

import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;


public class User {
  private int id;
  private String userName;
  private String userPwd;
  private String realName;
  private String sex;
  private Date birthday;
  private Timestamp createDatetime;
  private String remark;
public int getId() {
	return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
	this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
	return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
	this.userName = userName;
}
public String getUserPwd() {
	return userPwd;
}
public void setUserPwd(String userPwd) {
	this.userPwd = userPwd;
}
public String getRealName() {
	return realName;
}
public void setRealName(String realName) {
	this.realName = realName;
}
public String getSex() {
	return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
	this.sex = sex;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
	return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
	this.birthday = birthday;
}
public Timestamp getCreateDatetime() {
	return createDatetime;
}
public void setCreateDatetime(Timestamp createDatetime) {
	this.createDatetime = createDatetime;
}
public String getRemark() {
	return remark;
}
public void setRemark(String remark) {
	this.remark = remark;
}
public User(int id, String userName, String userPwd, String realName, String sex, Date birthday,
		Timestamp createDatetime, String remark) {
	super();
	this.id = id;
	this.userName = userName;
	this.userPwd = userPwd;
	this.realName = realName;
	this.sex = sex;
	this.birthday = birthday;
	this.createDatetime = createDatetime;
	this.remark = remark;
}
  public User() {
	// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public String toString() {
	return "User [id=" + id + ", userName=" + userName + ", userPwd=" + userPwd + ", realName=" + realName + ", sex="
			+ sex + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", createDatetime=" + createDatetime + ", remark=" + remark + "]";
}
  
  

}

name 对象属性
type 属性类别
column 表列段
generator 主键生成格式

<generator class="assigned" />//程序员自己控制

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>

<!-- name:类的权限命名
table:类对应的表
id标签：
    name:类属性 type:类属性对应的java类型  column:数据库列段
property标签:
    name:类属性 type:类属性对应的java类型  column:数据库列段 -->
  
<class name="com.pjl.one.entity.User" table="t_hibernate_user">
		<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id">
			<generator class="assigned" />
		</id>
		<property name="userName" type="java.lang.String" column="user_name">
		</property>
		<property name="userPwd" type="java.lang.String" column="user_pwd">
		</property>
		<property name="realName" type="java.lang.String" column="real_name">
		</property>
		<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String" column="sex">
		</property>
		<property name="birthday" type="java.sql.Date" column="birthday">
		</property>
		<property insert="false" update="false" name="createDatetime"
			type="java.sql.Timestamp" column="create_datetime">
		</property>
		<property name="remark" type="java.lang.String" column="remark">
		</property>
	</class>


</hibernate-mapping>

三.Hibernate的crud：

使用hibernate框架进行操作的七大步骤:

1.对框架核心配置文件进行建模
2.获取sessionFctoty工厂
3、获取session会话
4、开启事务（查询不用事务）
5、session操作对象
6、提交事务（查询不用事务）
7、关闭session

第一步：增加

package com.pjl.one.test;

import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.pjl.one.entity.User;

public class AddDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
	/**
	 * 1.对框架核心配置文件进行建模
	 * 2.获取sessionFactory工厂
	 * 3.获取session会话
	 * 4.开启事务（查询不需要事务）
	 * 5.session操作对象
	 * 6.提交事务（查询不需要事务）
	 * 7.关闭session
	 */
	
	Configuration configure=new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
    SessionFactory  sessionFactory= configure.buildSessionFactory();
    Session session =sessionFactory.openSession();
    Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    User user=new User();
    user.setBirthday(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));
    user.setCreateDatetime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
    user.setId(58);
    user.setRealName("kk");
    user.setRemark("jj");
    user.setSex("nv");
    user.setUserName("oooo");
    user.setUserPwd("123456");
    
    System.out.println(user);
    transaction.commit();
    session.close();
}
}

第二步：删除

package com.pjl.one.test;

import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.pjl.one.entity.User;

public class DelDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
	/**
	 * 1.对框架核心配置文件进行建模
	 * 2.获取sessionFactory工厂
	 * 3.获取session会话
	 * 4.开启事务（查询不需要事务）
	 * 5.session操作对象
	 * 6.提交事务（查询不需要事务）
	 * 7.关闭session
	 */
	
	Configuration configure=new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
    SessionFactory  sessionFactory= configure.buildSessionFactory();
    Session session =sessionFactory.openSession();
    Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
   /*第一种：查询出来，删掉
    *  User user = session.get(User.class,58);
    session.delete(user);*/
    //第二种：new一个对象，删掉
    User user=new User();
    user.setId(34);
    session.delete(user);
    transaction.commit();
    session.close();
}
}

第三步：修改

package com.pjl.one.test;

import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.pjl.one.entity.User;

public class EditDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
	/**
	 * 1.对框架核心配置文件进行建模
	 * 2.获取sessionFactory工厂
	 * 3.获取session会话
	 * 4.开启事务（查询不需要事务）
	 * 5.session操作对象
	 * 6.提交事务（查询不需要事务）
	 * 7.关闭session
	 */
	
	Configuration configure=new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
    SessionFactory  sessionFactory= configure.buildSessionFactory();
    Session session =sessionFactory.openSession();
    Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    
    User user = session.get(User.class,14);
    user.setRealName("hhhh");
    
    transaction.commit();
    session.close();
}
}

第四步：查询

package com.pjl.one.test;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class QueryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
	/**
	 * 1.对框架核心配置文件进行建模
	 * 2.获取sessionFactory工厂
	 * 3.获取session会话
	 * 4.开启事务（查询不需要事务）
	 * 5.session操作对象
	 * 6.提交事务（查询不需要事务）
	 * 7.关闭session
	 */
	
	Configuration configure=new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
    SessionFactory  sessionFactory= configure.buildSessionFactory();
    Session session =sessionFactory.openSession();
    List list = session.createQuery("form User").list();
    for (Object object : list) {
		System.out.println(object);
	}
    session.close();
}
}

展示效果：