一、spring的基本了解
1.什么是Spring?作用有什么?
Spring是一个开源框架,它由Rod Johnson创建。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。
Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。
然而,Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言,任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。
目的:解决企业应用开发的复杂性
功能:使用基本的JavaBean代替EJB,并提供了更多的企业应用功能
范围:任何Java应用
简单来说,Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IOC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。
2.Spring全家桶
(
spring struts Hibernate
spring springmvc mybatis
springboot
SpringCloud
)
3、技术层面
安全技术方面:Shiro 、 springSecurity
数据库层面:hibernate/mybatis 、SpringDataJpa
消息中间件:activityMQ 、RabbitMQ 、kaffka ……
二、ioc
1、含义
控制反转(IoC=Inversion of Control)Ioc,用白话来讲,就是由容器控制程序之间的(依赖)关系,而非传统实现中,由程序代码直接操控。这也就是所谓“控制反转”的概念所在:(依赖)控制权由应用代码中转到了外部容器,控制权的转移,是所谓反转。
Ioc还有一个另外的名字:“依赖注入 (DI=Dependency Injection)” ,即由容器动态的将某种依赖关系注入到组件之中
案例(解释IOC):实现Spring的IOC(模拟开发场景)
2.导入依赖pom.xml:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.lv</groupId>
<artifactId>lv_Spring</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>lv_Spring Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<spring.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
<javax.servlet.version>4.0.0</javax.servlet.version>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 2、导入spring依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 5.1、junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 5.2、servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${javax.servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>lv_Spring</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
原本:
写一个接口类UserBiz(写上传功能):
package com.xhy.ioc.biz;
public interface UserBiz {
public void upload();
}
实现接口类UserBizImpl1:
package com.pjl.ioc.biz.impl;
import com.pjl.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
/**
* 功能:上传
* @author zjjt
*
*/
public class UserBizImpl1 implements UserBiz{
@Override
public void upload() {
System.out.println("按要求开发功能");
}
}
分析:
假设做一个上传功能
现在提出整改要求:1,限定上传文件大小 2,限定上传文件类别现在有几个版本的要求:
action1 不需要加限制 action2 需要加限制假设你有开发一个游戏,原版本action1不需要加限制,当你开发出了一个新功能,需要更新版本action2,如果更新给游戏其他功能带来问题,我们需要要回到上一个版本,这是IOC的功能就体现出来了
优化:更具上面要求,实现类UserBizImpl2.java实现优化性能功能
package com.pjl.ioc.biz.impl;
import com.pjl.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
public class UserBizImpl2 implements UserBiz{
@Override
public void upload() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("做条件判断,加限定,不符合要求的不给予上传");
System.out.println("按要求开发功能");
}
}
总结:1.更新版本需要改动原有代码 2.相关调用此方法的模块伴随着巨大风险
Spring版本:
①导入相关依赖(上面)
②配置文件(配置项目中所有JavaBean,目的在于Spring统一管理):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<bean name="userBiz1" class="com.xhy.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl1"></bean>
<bean name="userBiz2" class="com.xhy.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl2"></bean>
<bean name="personAction" class="com.xhy.ioc.web.PersonAction">
<property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz2"></property>
</bean>
<bean name="userAction" class="com.xhy.ioc.web.UserAction"></bean>
</beans>
action:每个action类不需要调用类,只需实例化类并给类get、set方法
package com.pjl.ioc.web;
import com.pjl.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
import com.pjl.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl2;
public class PersonAction {
private UserBiz userBiz;
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public void upload() {
userBiz.upload();
}
//新版本
public static void main(String[] args) {
PersonAction personAtion=new PersonAction();
personAtion.upload();
}
}
测试:
package com.pjl.ioc.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.pjl.ioc.web.PersonAction;
public class IocTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建模
ApplicationContext applicationContest=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
PersonAction personAction = (PersonAction) applicationContest.getBean("personAction");
personAction.upload();
}
}
如果版本切换,就不用去修改代码,直接修改配置文件
比如:<bean name="personAction" class="com.xhy.ioc.web.PersonAction">
<property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz1"></property>
</bean>
ioc操作: 将以前由程序员实例化对象/赋值的工作交给了spring处理
三、Spring传参(给JavaBean赋初始化值,传参)
方法:
1、set传参
2、构造传参
3、自动装配(基本不用)
1、set传参
定义一个实体类ParamAction :
package com.pjl.ioc.web;
import java.util.List;
public class ParamAction {
private int age;
private String name;
private List<String> hobby;
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public List<String> getHobby() {
return hobby;
}
public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
this.hobby = hobby;
}
public void execute() {
System.out.println(this.name);
System.out.println(this.age);
System.out.println(this.hobby);
}
}
在spring-context.xml中进行配置
<bean name="paramAction" class="com.pjl.ioc.web.ParamAction">
<property name="name" value="小小"></property>
<property name="age" value="22"></property>
<property name="hobby" >
<list>
<value>游戏</value>
<value>手机</value>
<value>电脑</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
进行测试:
package com.pjl.ioc.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.pjl.ioc.web.ParamAction;
import com.pjl.ioc.web.PersonAction;
public class IocTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
ParamAction paramAction = (ParamAction) ac.getBean("paramAction");
paramAction.execute();
}
}
2、构造传参
给实体类ParamAction 添加有参无参的构造方法:
package com.pjl.ioc.web;
import java.util.List;
public class ParamAction {
private int age;
private String name;
private List<String> hobby;
public ParamAction(int age, String name, List<String> hobby) {
super();
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
this.hobby = hobby;
}
public ParamAction() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public void execute() {
System.out.println(this.name);
System.out.println(this.age);
System.out.println(this.hobby);
}
}
在spring-context.xml中进行配置
<bean name="paramAction" class="com.lv.ioc.web.ParamAction">
<constructor-arg name="name" value="小民和"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="age" value="19"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="hobby" >
<list>
<value>游戏</value>
<value>手机</value>
<value>电脑</value>
</list>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
四、spring与tomcat整合
功能:减少建模, 性能优化,减少服务器的压力
建立一个监听器:建模的过程直接放到监听器里面完成
package com.pjl.ioc.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class SpringLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener{
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
System.out.println("监听器方法执行……");
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
sce.getServletContext().setAttribute("SpringContext", ac);
}
}
在web.xml中进行配置:
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<listener>
<listener-class> com.lv.ioc.listener.SpringLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
在servlet中可以直接得到spring上下文,不需再次建模:
package com.pjl.ioc.web;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
@WebServlet("/user")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet{
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ApplicationContext springContext = (ApplicationContext) req.getServletContext().getAttribute("SpringContext");
ParamAction paramAction = (ParamAction) springContext.getBean("paramAction");
paramAction.execute();
}
}
展示结果: