同步模式之顺序控制
1. 固定运行顺序
比如,必须先 2 后 1 打印
1.1 wait notify 版
// 用来同步的对象
static Object obj = new Object();
// t2 运行标记, 代表 t2 是否执行过
static boolean t2runed = false;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
synchronized (obj) {
// 如果 t2 没有执行过
while (!t2runed) {
try {
// t1 先等一会
obj.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
System.out.println(1);
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println(2);
synchronized (obj) {
// 修改运行标记
t2runed = true;
// 通知 obj 上等待的线程(可能有多个,因此需要用 notifyAll)
obj.notifyAll();
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
1.2 Park Unpark 版
可以看到,上面实现上很麻烦:
- 首先,需要保证先 wait 再 notify,否则 wait 线程永远得不到唤醒。因此使用了『运行标记』来判断该不该 wait
- 第二,如果有些干扰线程错误地 notify 了 wait 线程,条件不满足时还要重新等待,使用了 while 循环来解决
此问题 - 最后,唤醒对象上的 wait 线程需要使用 notifyAll,因为『同步对象』上的等待线程可能不止一个
可以使用 LockSupport 类的 park 和 unpark 来简化上面的题目:
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { }
// 当没有『许可』时,当前线程暂停运行;有『许可』时,用掉这个『许可』,当前线程恢复运行
LockSupport.park();
System.out.println("1");
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("2");
// 给线程 t1 发放『许可』(多次连续调用 unpark 只会发放一个『许可』)
LockSupport.unpark(t1);
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
park 和 unpark 方法比较灵活,他俩谁先调用,谁后调用无所谓。并且是以线程为单位进行『暂停』和『恢复』,
不需要『同步对象』和『运行标记』
2. 交替输出
线程 1 输出 a 5 次,线程 2 输出 b 5 次,线程 3 输出 c 5 次。现在要求输出 abcabcabcabcabc 怎么实现
2.1 wait notify 版
class SyncWaitNotify {
private int flag;
private int loopNumber;
public SyncWaitNotify(int flag, int loopNumber) {
this.flag = flag;
this.loopNumber = loopNumber;
}
public void print(int waitFlag, int nextFlag, String str) {
for (int i = 0; i < loopNumber; i++) {
synchronized (this) {
while (this.flag != waitFlag) {
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.print(str);
flag = nextFlag;
this.notifyAll();
}
}
}
}
SyncWaitNotify syncWaitNotify = new SyncWaitNotify(1, 5);
new Thread(() -> {
syncWaitNotify.print(1, 2, "a");
}).start();
new Thread(() -> {
syncWaitNotify.print(2, 3, "b");
}).start();
new Thread(() -> {
syncWaitNotify.print(3, 1, "c");
}).start();
2.2 Lock 条件变量版
class AwaitSignal extends ReentrantLock {
public void start(Condition first) {
this.lock();
}
try {
log.debug("start");
first.signal();
} finally {
this.unlock();
}
}
public void print(String str, Condition current, Condition next) {
for (int i = 0; i < loopNumber; i++) {
this.lock();
try {
current.await();
log.debug(str);
next.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
this.unlock();
}
}
}
// 循环次数
private int loopNumber;
public AwaitSignal(int loopNumber) {
this.loopNumber = loopNumber;
}
AwaitSignal as = new AwaitSignal(5);
Condition aWaitSet = as.newCondition();
Condition bWaitSet = as.newCondition();
Condition cWaitSet = as.newCondition();
new Thread(() -> {
as.print("a", aWaitSet, bWaitSet);
}).start();
new Thread(() -> {
as.print("b", bWaitSet, cWaitSet);
}).start();
new Thread(() -> {
as.print("c", cWaitSet, aWaitSet);
}).start();
as.start(aWaitSet);
注意
该实现没有考虑 a,b,c 线程都就绪再开
运行结果
开始...
abcabcabcabcabc
2.3 Park Unpark 版
package cn.itcast.test;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
@Slf4j(topic = "c.Test31")
public class Test31 {
static Thread t1;
static Thread t2;
static Thread t3;
public static void main(String[] args) {
ParkUnpark pu = new ParkUnpark(5);
t1 = new Thread(() -> {
pu.print("a", t2);
});
t2 = new Thread(() -> {
pu.print("b", t3);
});
t3 = new Thread(() -> {
pu.print("c", t1);
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
LockSupport.unpark(t1);
}
}
class ParkUnpark {
public void print(String str, Thread next) {
for (int i = 0; i < loopNumber; i++) {
LockSupport.park();
System.out.print(str);
LockSupport.unpark(next);
}
}
private int loopNumber;
public ParkUnpark(int loopNumber) {
this.loopNumber = loopNumber;
}
}