多线程

多线程

两种创建线程的方法

//创建线程方式一:继承Thread类，重写run()方法，调用start开启线程
public class TestThread01 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //run方法线程体
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在看代码--"+i);
        }
                
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //main线程，主线程

        //创建一个线程对象
        TestThread01 testThread01 = new TestThread01();

        //调用start()方法开启线程
        testThread01.start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在火花---"+i);
        }
    }
}

//创建线程方式2:实现runnable接口，重写run方法，执行线程需要丢入runnable接口实现类，调用start方法，
public class TestThread02 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //run方法线程体
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在看代码--"+i);
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建runnable接口的实现类对象
        TestThread02 testThread02 = new TestThread02();

        //创建线程对象，通过线程对象来开启我们的线程
        //Thread thread = new Thread(testThread02);
        //thread.start();

        new Thread(testThread02).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在火花---"+i);
        }
    }
}

//多个线程同时操作同一个对象
//买火车票的例子
//发现问题:多个线程操作同一个资源的情况下，线程不安全，数据紊乱
public class TestThread03 implements Runnable{

    //票数
    private int ticketNums = 10;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            if(ticketNums <= 0){
                break;
            }
            //模拟延时
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了第"+ticketNums--+"票");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread03 ticket = new TestThread03();

        new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"小红").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"小刚").start();
    }
}

静态代理模式

//静态代理模式总结:
//真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
//代理对象要代理真实角色
//好处：代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情
     //真实对象专注做自己的事情

public class StaticProxy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        You you = new You();//你要结婚
        //WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(new You());
        //weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
        new WeddingCompany(new You()).HappyMarry();
    }
}

interface Marry{
    void HappyMarry();
}

//真实角色，你去结婚
class You implements Marry{
    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        System.out.println("劫要结婚了，超开心");
    }
}

//代理角色，帮助你结婚
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{

    private Marry target;

    public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        before();
        this.target.HappyMarry();
        after();
    }
    private void before(){
        System.out.println("结婚之前，布置现场");
    }
    private void after(){
        System.out.println("结婚之后，收钱");
    }
}

lambda表达式

/**
 * 推导lambda表达式
 */
public class TestLambda01 {

    //3.静态内部类
    static class Like2 implements ILike{
        @Override
        public void lambda() {
            System.out.println("i like lambda2");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ILike like = new Like();
        like.lambda();

        like = new Like2();
        like.lambda();

        //4.局部内部类
        class Like3 implements ILike{
            @Override
            public void lambda() {
                System.out.println("i like lambda3");
            }
        }

        like = new Like3();
        like.lambda();

        //5.匿名内部类
        like = new ILike() {
            @Override
            public void lambda() {
                System.out.println("i like lambda4");
            }
        };
        like.lambda();
        //6.用lambda简化
        like = ()->{
            System.out.println("i like lambda5");
        };
        like.lambda();
    }
}

//1.定义一个函数式接口
interface ILike{
    void lambda();
}
//2.实现类
class Like implements ILike{
    @Override
    public void lambda() {
        System.out.println("i like lambda");
    }
}

线程停止

/**
 * 测试stop
 *    1.建议线程正常停止，利用次数，不建议死循环
 *    2.建议使用标志位，设置一个标志位
 *    3.不要使用stop或者destroy等过时或者JDK不建议使用的方法
 */
public class TestStop implements Runnable{

    //1.设置一个标识位
    private boolean flag = true;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0;
        while(flag){
            System.out.println("run...Thread"+i++);
        }
    }

    //2.设置一个公开的方法停止线程，转换标志位

    public void stop(){
        this.flag = false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
        new Thread(testStop).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("main"+i);
            if(i == 900){
                //调用stop方法切换标志位，让线程停止
                testStop.stop();
                System.out.println("线程该停止了");
            }
        }
    }
}

线程休眠

//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //打印当前时间
        Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取系统当前时间

        while(true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
                startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//更新当前时间
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    //模拟倒计时
    public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
        int num = 10;

        while(true){
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(num--);
            if(num<=0){
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

线程礼让

//测试礼让线程
//礼让不一定成功
public class TestYield {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyYield myYield = new MyYield();

        new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
        new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
    }
}

class MyYield implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
        Thread.yield();//礼让
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
    }
}

线程插队

//测试join方法
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("线程vip来了");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //启动我们的线程
        TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
        Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
        thread.start();

        //主线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            if(i==200){
                thread.join();//插队
            }
            System.out.println("main"+i);
        }
    }
}

线程状态

//观察测试线程状态
public class TestState {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("******");
        });

        //观察状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//NEW

        //观察启动后
        thread.start();//启动线程
        state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//RUNNABLE

        while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED){//只要线程不终止，就一直输出状态
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态
            System.out.println(state);//输出状态
        }
    }
}

线程优先级

//测试线程的优先级
public class TestPriority {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //住现成的优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
        MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();

        Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);

        //先设置优先级，再启动
        t1.start();

        t2.setPriority(1);
        t2.start();

        t3.setPriority(4);
        t3.start();

        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
        t4.start();
    }
}

class MyPriority implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
    }
}

线程守护

//测试守护线程
//上帝守护你
public class TestDaemon {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        God god = new God();
        You you = new You();

        Thread thread = new Thread(god);
        thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false表示的是用户线程，正常的线程都是用户线程

        thread.start();//上帝线程启动
        new Thread(you).start();//用户线程启动
    }
}

//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            System.out.println("上地保佑着你");
        }
    }
}

//你
class You implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");
        }
        System.out.println("=====goodbye world!======");
    }
}

死锁

//死锁:多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源，然后形成僵持
public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0,"小红");
        Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1,"小芳");

        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}
//口红
class Lipstick{
}
//镜子
class Mirror{
}
class Makeup extends Thread{
    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;//选择
    String name;//使用化妆品的人

    Makeup(int choice, String name){
        this.choice = choice;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //化妆，互相持有对方的锁，就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if(choice == 0){
            synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.name+"获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
            synchronized (mirror){//一秒钟后想获得镜子
                System.out.println(this.name+"获得镜子的锁");
            }
        }else {
            synchronized (mirror) {
                System.out.println(this.name + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            }
            synchronized (lipstick) {//两秒钟后想获得镜子
                System.out.println(this.name + "获得口红的锁");
            }
        }
    }
}

lock锁

//测试Lock锁
public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();

        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
    }
}

class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
    int ticketNums = 10;

    //定义lock锁
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                lock.lock();//加锁
                if(ticketNums>0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNums--);
                }else {
                    break;
                }
            }finally {
                //解锁
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}

• Lock是显式锁需要手动开启和关闭，synchronized是隐式锁，出了作用域自动释放

• Lock只有代码块锁，synchronized有代码块和方法锁

• 使用Lock锁，JVM将花费较少的时间来调度线程，性能更好。并且具有更好的扩展性

标志位

//测试生产者消费者问题:信号灯法，标志位解决
public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();
        new player(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }
}
//生产者--演员
class player extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public player(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if (i%2 == 0) {
                this.tv.play("快乐大本营");
            }else {
                this.tv.play("抖音记录美好生活");
            }
        }
    }
}
//消费者--观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Watcher(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            tv.watch();
        }
    }
}
//产品--节目
class TV{
    //演员表演，观众等待
    //观众观看，演员等待
    String voice;//表演的节目
    boolean flag = true;

    //表演
    public synchronized void play(String voice){

        if(!flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        System.out.println("演员表演了"+voice);
        //通知观众观看
        this.notifyAll();//通知唤醒
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
    //观看
    public synchronized void watch(){
        if(flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观看了"+voice);
        //通知演员表演
        this.notifyAll();
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
}

线程池

//测试线程池
public class TestPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建服务，创建线程池
        //newFixedThreadPool 参数为:线程池大小
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

        //执行
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());

        //2.关闭链接
        service.shutdown();

    }
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

回顾线程的创建

//回顾总结现成的创建
public class ThreadNew {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyThread1().start();

        new Thread(new MyThread2()).start();

        FutureTask<Integer> futureTask = new FutureTask<Integer>(new MyThread3());
        new Thread(futureTask).start();
        try {
            Integer integer = futureTask.get();
            System.out.println(integer);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
//1.继承Thread类
class MyThread1 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("MyThread1");
    }
}
//2.实现Runnable接口
class MyThread2 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("MyThread2");
    }
}
//3.时效内callable接口
class MyThread3 implements Callable<Integer>{

    @Override
    public Integer call() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("MyThread3");
        return 100;
    }
}