**
动态路由OSPF多区域
**
生成OSPF多区域的原因：
改善网络的可扩展性
快速收敛
OSPF的三种通信量
域内通信量：单个区域内的路由器之间交换数据包构成的通信量。
域间通信量：不同区域的路由器之间交换数据包构成的通信量。
外部通信量：OSPF域内的路由器与OSPF区域外或另一个自治系统内的路由器之间交换数据包构成的通信量。
区域边界路由器（ABR）
自治系统边界路由器（ASBR）
OSPF的区域类型
骨干区域Area 0
非骨干区域-根据能够学习的路由种类来区分。
标准区域，末梢区域，完全末梢区域，非纯末梢区域
链路状态数据库的组成
每个路由器都创建了有每个接口，对应的相邻节点和接口速度组成的数据库。
链路状态数据库中每个条目称为LSA（链路状态通告），常见的有六种LSA类型。
链路状态通告（LSA）类型。
OSPF配置
R1
[Huawei]sys
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loop 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]
[R1-LoopBack0]
Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time
Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on
<R1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R1]ospf
[R1-ospf-1]area 2
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]netw
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 12.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]
<R1>ping -a 1.1.1.1 6.6.6.6
PING 6.6.6.6: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=70 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=60 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=30 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=70 ms
--- 6.6.6.6 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 30/54/70 ms
R2
:[Huawei]sys
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.0.0.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loop 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 32
[R2-LoopBack0]q
[R2]
[R2]ospf
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]netw
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area 2
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 12.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
R3:
[Huawei]sys
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 23.0.0.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 42.0.0.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loop 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32
[R3-LoopBack0]q
[R3]ospf
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 42.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R3-ospf-1]dis th
[R3-ospf-1]dis this
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
network 23.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
network 42.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
#
return
[R3-ospf-1]q
[R3]ping -a 1.1.1.1
^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[R3]ping -a 3.3.3.3 1.1.1.1
PING 1.1.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=20 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=20 ms
--- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/26/30 ms
R4:
[Huawei]sys
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 42.0.0.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 45.0.0.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int loop 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 32
[R4-LoopBack0]q
[R4]
[R4]ospf
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]netw
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 42.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area 1
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 45.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
R5
:[Huawei]sys
[Huawei]sysname R5
[R5]unu in en
^
Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
[R5]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[R5]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 56.0.0.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int loop 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 32
[R5-LoopBack0]
[R5]ospf
[R5-ospf-1]area 1
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]nte
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 45.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 56.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
R6
```bash
:[Huawei]sys
[Huawei]sysname R6
[R6]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[R6]int g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 56.0.0.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loop 0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 6.6.6.6 32
[R6-LoopBack0]q
[R6]
Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time
Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on
<R6>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R6]ospf
[R6-ospf-1]area 1
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 56.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R6-ospf-1]
[R6-ospf-1]q
[R6]ping -a 6.6.6.6 1.1.1.1
PING 1.1.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=60 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=50 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=50 ms
--- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 40/48/60 ms
末梢区域和完全区域
满足以下条件的区域：
只有一个默认路由作为其区域出口
区域不可能作为虚链路的穿越区域
STUB区域里无自治系统边界路由器ASBR
不是骨干区域Area 0
末梢区域：
没有LSA4，5，7
完全末梢区域;
除一条LSA3的默认路由通告外，没有LSA3，4，5，7通知
末梢区域配置命令
【R1]ospf
【R1-OSPF-1]area 2
【-------】network x.x.x.x x.x.x.x 先宣告直连网段，再配
【----】stub
【R1】dislay ip routing-table 此时末梢区域中的路由会显示一条默认路由到外部区域
完全末梢区域配置命令
[R2】ospf
【—】area 2
【—】network x.x.x.x -x.x.x.x
【–】stub no-summary
**OSPF高级配置**：
[R1] rip
[-------] version 2
[-------]undo summary
[------] import- rou ospf 1 cost 2
[–]ospf
[----]import-route rip 1 type cost 1
[RI-ospf- 1]defauit-route- advertise always ##ospf 重分发默认路由
[-------------]import- route-direct ## ospf重分发直连路由
【----------】import-route static ##ospf 重分发静态路由
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