Python的字典常用方法（深拷贝和浅拷贝）

a = {"bobby1":{"company":"wlond"},"bobby2":{"company":"wlond2"}}
# clear  清空
# a.clear()
# print(a)

# copy 返回浅拷贝
new_dict = a.copy()
# new_dict["bobby1"]["company"] = "wlond3"
# print(new_dict)  # {'bobby1': {'company': 'wlond3'}, 'bobby2': {'company': 'wlond2'}}
# print(a) #{'bobby1': {'company': 'wlond3'}, 'bobby2': {'company': 'wlond2'}}
# 浅拷贝，修改后，原始的也修改了

# 深拷贝,修改后，原始的不会变
import copy
new_dict = copy.deepcopy(a)
new_dict["bobby1"]["company"] = "wlond3"
print(new_dict)  # {'bobby1': {'company': 'wlond3'}, 'bobby2': {'company': 'wlond2'}}
print(a) # {'bobby1': {'company': 'wlond'}, 'bobby2': {'company': 'wlond2'}}

# formkeys
new_list = ["bobby1","bobby2"]
# 将new_list的转换成字典
new_dict = dict.fromkeys(new_list,{"company":"wlond"})
print(new_dict) # {'bobby1': {'company': 'wlond'}, 'bobby2': {'company': 'wlond'}}

# get 方法
value = new_dict.get("bobby",{}) # bobby不存在字典中，也不会报错，返回空
value = new_dict.get("bobby1",{}) # bobby1存在字典中,返回具体的值
print(value) # {'company': 'wlond'}

# items  返回key、value
for key,value in new_dict.items():
    print(key,value)

# keys、values
keys = new_dict.keys()
print(keys) # dict_keys(['bobby1', 'bobby2'])
values = new_dict.values()
print(values) # dict_values([{'company': 'wlond'}, {'company': 'wlond'}])

# setdefault 取值还会设置回去
default_value = new_dict.setdefault("bobby","wl")
print(new_dict)

# update 原始字典有的就更新，没有就把合并
new_dict = new_dict.update(bobby="sss",bobby3="wlond3") # 方法一
new_dict = new_dict.update([("bobby","sss"),("bobby3","wlond3")]) # 方法二 列表元组
print("新字典是",new_dict)