Java多线程信息共享(基础)

 实验内容就是简单的四个线程并行卖一百张门票

用static变量的方法来达成共享
最后输出是导致结果与预期不一致

public class ThreadDemo0
{
	public static void main(String [] args)
	{
		new TestThread0().start();
		new TestThread0().start();
		new TestThread0().start();
		new TestThread0().start();
	}
}
class TestThread0 extends Thread  
{
	//private int tickets=100;           //每个线程卖100张，没有共享
	private static int tickets=100;  //static变量是共享的，所有的线程共享
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			if(tickets>0)
			{
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +
				" is selling ticket " + tickets);
				tickets = tickets - 1;
			}
			else
			{
				break;
			}
		}
	}
}

四个线程共用同一个对象（这个对象是实现了Runnable接口的）来并行卖票
结果也是信息不一致，最后卖出了超过100张票

public class ThreadDemo1
{
	public static void main(String [] args)
	{
		TestThread1 t=new TestThread1();
		new Thread(t).start();
		new Thread(t).start();
		new Thread(t).start();
		new Thread(t).start();
	}
}
class TestThread1 implements Runnable
{
	private int tickets=100;
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			if(tickets>0)
			{
				try {
					Thread.sleep(100);
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				tickets--;
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() 
						+" is selling ticket " + tickets);
			}
			else
			{
				break;
			}
				
		}
	}
}

*更好的办法就是使用volatile修饰符和synchronized修饰符

        volatile: 用volatile修饰的变量可以及时在各线程里面通知,如果有改动的话

        synchronized: 互斥，被加以synchronized的函数或代码块同时只能由一个线程来执行

public class ThreadDemo3 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		TestThread3 t = new TestThread3();
		new Thread(t, "Thread-0").start();
		new Thread(t, "Thread-1").start();
		new Thread(t, "Thread-2").start();
		new Thread(t, "Thread-3").start();
	}
}

class TestThread3 implements Runnable {
	private volatile int tickets = 100; // 多个 线程在共享的
	String str = new String("");

	public void run() {
		while (true) {
			sale();
			try {
				Thread.sleep(100);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				System.out.println(e.getMessage());
			}
			if (tickets <= 0) {
				break;
			}
		}

	}

	public synchronized void sale() { // 同步函数
		if (tickets > 0) {
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is saling ticket " + tickets--);
		}
	}
}