第一节课
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "hello world" << endl;//输出
system("pause");
return 0;
}第二节课：注释
1.单行注释 //
2.多行注释/* */
第三节课：变量
1.变量存在意义：方便我们管理内存空间
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a = 10;
cout << "a=" << a << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}第四节课：常量
1.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define Day 7
int main()
{
//Day = 14; //错误，Day是常量，一旦修改就错
cout << "一周有几天：" << Day << "天" << endl;
const int month = 12;
//month = 24;//错误，const修饰的变量也称为常量
cout << "一年有几月:" << month << "月" << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}第五节课：关键字
1.定义变量和常量时不要用关键字
第六节课：标识符起名规则
第七节课：数据类型
1.数据类型的意义是：
给变量分配一个适合的内存空间
2.语法：
数据类型 变量名 = 变量初始值
3.整型：
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//短整型(-32768 ~ 32767)
short num1 = 10;
//整型
int num2 = 100;
//长整型
long num3 = 1900;
// 长长整型
long long num4 = 1000;
cout << "num1=" << num1 << endl;
cout << "num2=" << num2 << endl;
cout << "num3=" << num3 << endl;
cout << "num4=" << num4 << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}4. sizeof关键字
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//整型：short（2） int(4） long（4） long long（4）
//可以利用sizeof求数据类型占用的内存大小
//语法：sizeof（数据类型/变量）
short num1 = 10;
cout << "short占用内存空间多大" << sizeof(short) << endl;
cout << "short占用内存空间多大" << sizeof(num1) << endl;
int num2 = 10;
cout << "int占用内存空间多大" << sizeof(long) << endl;
long num3 = 10;
cout << "long占用内存空间多大" << sizeof(long) << endl;
long long num4 = 10;
cout << "long long占用内存空间多大" << sizeof(long long) << endl;
//整型大小比较
//short《int《=long 《=long long
system("pause");
return 0;
}5.实型（浮点型）
作用：用于表示小数。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//单精度 float
//双精度 double
//默认情况下，输出一个小数，会显示6位小数
//float后面定义数字记得加f，不然默认为double
float f1 = 3.14f;
cout << "f1=" << f1<<endl;
double d1 = 3.14;
cout << "d1=" << d1 << endl;
//统计float和double占用内存空间
cout << "float占用多少空间= " << sizeof(float) << endl;//4字节
cout << "double占用多少空间= " << sizeof(double) << endl;//8字节
//科学计数法
float f2 = 3e2f;//3*10^2
cout << "f2=" << f2 << endl;
float f3 = 3e-2f;//3*10^-2
cout << "f3= " << f3 << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}6.字符型
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//字符型变量创建方式
char ch = 'a';
cout << ch << endl;
//字符型变量所占内存大小
cout << sizeof(char) << endl;
//字符型变量错误
//char ch2 = "b";//要用单引号
//char ch3 = 'abcd'//只能一个字符
//字符型变量对应的ASCII编码
cout << (int)ch << endl;//a--97 A--65
system("pause");
return 0;
}7.转义字符
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//转义字符
//换行符\n
cout << "hello world \n";//等于<<endl;
//反斜杠 \\
cout << "\\" << endl;
//水平制表\t 8个位置 作用可以整齐输出数据
cout << "aaa\thello" << endl;
cout << "aaaaa\thello" << endl;
cout << "aaaaaaa\thello" << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}8.字符串
作用：用于表示字符
两种风格
#include <iostream>
#include <string> //字符串头文件
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//C风格字符串
//注意1：char 字符串名 []
//注意2：等号后面要用双引号 来包含字符串
char str[] = "hello";
cout << str << endl;
//C++风格字符串
//C++要包含一个头文件
string str2 = "hello";
cout << str2 << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}9.布尔类型 bool
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//创建bool数据类型
bool flag = true;
cout << flag << endl;
flag = false;
cout << flag << endl;
//true 1
//false 0
cout << sizeof(flag) << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}10.数据的输入
关键词：cin
语法：cin >> 变量
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//整型
int a = 0;
cout << "请给a赋值" << endl;
cin >> a;
cout << "a=" <<a<< endl;
//浮点型
float f = 3.14f;
cout << "请给f赋值" << endl;
cin >> f;
cout << "f=" << f << endl;
//字符型
char d = 'b';
cout << "请给d赋值" << endl;
cin >> d;
cout << "d=" << d << endl;
//字符串型
string str = "abc";
cout << "请给str赋值" << endl;
cin >> str;
cout << "str=" <<str<< endl;
//布尔类型
bool flag = true;
cout << "请给flag赋值" << endl;
cin >> flag; //bool类型只要不是0都是真
cout << "flag=" << flag << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}第八节课 运算符
1.类型
2.算数运算符--加减乘除
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//加减乘除
int a = 2;
int b = 3;
cout << a + b << endl;
cout << a - b << endl;
cout << a * b << endl;
cout << a / b << endl;//两个整数相除依然是整数，小数部分自动去除
//两个数相除，除数不能为零
double c = 2.3;
double d = 4.7;
cout << c / d << endl;//两个小数可以相除
system("pause");
return 0;
}3.算数运算符--取余
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//取模运算的本质就是取余数
int a = 10;
int b = 9;
cout << a % b << endl;
int a1 = 2;
int b1 = 5;
cout << a1 % b1 << endl;
int a2 = 19;
int b2 = 0;
//两个数相除，除数不能为零
//cout << a2 % b2 << endl;
//两个小数不能取余；C++硬性规定
/*double c = 2.11;
double d = 3.11;
cout << c % d << endl;*/
system("pause");
return 0;
}4.算数运算符--前置递增与后置递增
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//1.前置递增
int a = 3;
++a;
cout << "a=" << a << endl;
//2.后置递增
int b = 4;
b++;
cout << "b=" << b << endl;
//3.前置和后置区别
//前置是让变量先+1，然后进行表达式运算
int c = 4;
int d = ++c*5;
cout << "c=" << c << endl;
cout << "d=" << d << endl;
//后置是让变量进行表达式运算，然后+1
int e = 4;
int f = e++*5;
cout << "e=" << e << endl;
cout << "f=" << f << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}4.算数运算符--前置递减与后置递减
与递增类比
5.赋值运算符
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//赋值运算符
// =
int a = 10;
a = 100;
cout << "a=" << a << endl;
// +=
a = 10;
a += 2;//a=a+2
cout << "a=" << a << endl;
// -=
a = 10;
a -= 2;//a=a-2
cout << "a=" << a << endl;
// *=
a = 10;
a *= 2;//a=a*2
cout << "a=" << a << endl;
// /=
a = 10;
a /= 2;//a=a/2
cout << "a=" << a << endl;
// %=
a = 10;
a %= 2;//a=a%2
cout << "a=" << a << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}6.比较运算符
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//比较运算符
// ==
int a = 100;
int b = 78;
cout << (a == b) << endl;
// !=
cout << (a != b) << endl;
// >
cout << (a > b) << endl;
// <
cout << (a < b) << endl;
// <=
cout << (a <= b) << endl;
// >=
cout << (a >= b) << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}7.逻辑运算符
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//逻辑运算符 非！
int a = 10;
cout << !a << endl;//在C++中除了0都为真//0
cout << !!a << endl;//又为真//1
//逻辑运算符 与 &&
int b = 10;
int c = 10;
cout << (c && b) << endl;//1
b = 0;
c = 10;
cout << (c && b) << endl;//0
//逻辑运算符 或 ||
int e = 1;
int f = 2;
cout << (e || f) << endl;//1
e = 0;
f = 1;
cout << (e || f) << endl;//1
e = 0;
f = 0;
cout << (e || f) << endl;//0
system("pause");
return 0;
}
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