Django的get和filter的区别

创建数据

创建一个book表进行演示

from django.db import models


# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='书名', max_length=11)
    author = models.CharField(verbose_name='作者', max_length=11)
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='年龄')

    class Meta:
        # 数据库表名
        db_table = 'book_test'

数据库中查看表

插入数据

查看数据库数据

get和filter区别

1.返回值

• get的返回值是一个定义的model类的实例，即对象
• filter的返回值是一个QuerySet的集合对象，可使用迭代或者遍历，切片等，但是不等于list类型(使用一定要注意)

 

2.异常

• get：只有一条记录返回的时候才正常。所以get多用于查询主键字段或者具有唯一性约束的字段，当有多条记录或者没有记录返回时，使用get均会抛出异常。
• filter：没有记录、有一条或者多条记录返回均不会抛出异常。（没有记录的时候，返回值是一个空集合）

使用get查询数据：

1.返回多条记录

In [15]: book = Book.objects.get(age=38)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MultipleObjectsReturned                   Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-15-231f3a63dc48> in <module>
----> 1 book = Book.objects.get(age=38)

D:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py in manager_method(self, *args, **kwargs)  
     83         def create_method(name, method):
     84             def manager_method(self, *args, **kwargs):
---> 85                 return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
     86             manager_method.__name__ = method.__name__
     87             manager_method.__doc__ = method.__doc__

D:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py in get(self, *args, **kwargs)
    440             'get() returned more than one %s -- it returned %s!' % (
    441                 self.model._meta.object_name,
--> 442                 num if not limit or num < limit else 'more than %s' % (limit - 1),
    443             )
    444         )

MultipleObjectsReturned: get() returned more than one Book -- it returned 2!

2.没有返回数据时

In [16]: book = Book.objects.get(age=30)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DoesNotExist                              Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-16-9ea71ada6640> in <module>
----> 1 book = Book.objects.get(age=30)

D:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py in manager_method(self, *args, **kwargs)  
     83         def create_method(name, method):
     84             def manager_method(self, *args, **kwargs):
---> 85                 return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
     86             manager_method.__name__ = method.__name__
     87             manager_method.__doc__ = method.__doc__

D:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py in get(self, *args, **kwargs)
    435             raise self.model.DoesNotExist(
    436                 "%s matching query does not exist." %
--> 437                 self.model._meta.object_name
    438             )
    439         raise self.model.MultipleObjectsReturned(

DoesNotExist: Book matching query does not exist.

使用filter查询时

返回多条数据

In [18]: book = Book.objects.filter(age=38)

In [19]: book
Out[19]: <QuerySet [<Book: Book object (2)>, <Book: Book object (4)>]>

In [20]: for item in book:
    ...:     print(item.title,item.author,item.age)
    ...:
Django jack 38
Django bob 38

没有返回数据

In [21]: book = Book.objects.filter(age=30)

In [22]: book
Out[22]: <QuerySet []>

3.对表的修改

（1）user.update()方法

这种方法只能配合filter方法进行使用：

In [23]: book = Book.objects.filter(age=38)

In [24]: book = Book.objects.filter(title='python')

In [25]: book.update(age=20)
Out[25]: 1

使用get方法会报错：

In [26]: book = Book.objects.get(title='python')

In [27]: book.update(age=23)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-27-8f910998b099> in <module>
----> 1 book.update(age=23)

AttributeError: 'Book' object has no attribute 'update'

（2）user.xx = xx, user.save()

In [30]: book = Book.objects.get(title='python')

In [31]: book.age = 25

In [32]: book.save()