Maven项目的构建与测试

构建项目

查看 helloMaven 项目的 pom.xml 文件，配置如下。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>demo.pom.com</groupId>
  <artifactId>helloMaven</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>helloMaven</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

从以上配置可知，Maven 已经添加了 Junit 作为该项目的测试框架，且 Maven 也在项目中自动生成了一个源码文件 App.java 和一个测试文件 AppTest.java 。

打开命令行窗口，跳转到 D:\maven\test\helloMaven 目录，执行以下 mvn 命令，对该项目进行构建。

mvn clean package

命令执行结果如下：

D:\maven\test\helloMaven>mvn clean package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ----------------------< demo.pom.com:helloMaven >-----------------------
[INFO] Building helloMaven 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ helloMaven ---
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ helloMaven ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\maven\test\helloMaven\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ helloMaven ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\maven\test\helloMaven\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ helloMaven ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\maven\test\helloMaven\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ helloMaven ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\maven\test\helloMaven\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ helloMaven ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\maven\test\helloMaven\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running demo.pom.com.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.003 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ helloMaven ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\maven\test\helloMaven\target\helloMaven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  1.822 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2023-09-17T14:23:41+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

项目构建完成后，在该项目根目录中生成了一个名为 target 的目录，该目录包含以下内容。

说明：

• Maven 命令中包含了两个命令：clean 和 package，其中 clean 负责清理 target 目录，package 负责将项目构建并打包输出为 jar 文件。
• classes：源代码编译后存放在该目录中。
• test-classes：测试源代码编译后并存放在该目录中。
• surefire-reports：Maven 运行测试用例生成的测试报告存放在该目录中。
• helloMaven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar：Maven 对项目进行打包生成的 jar 文件。

打开命令控制台，跳转到 D:\maven\test\helloMaven\target\classes 目录，执行 Java 命令

测试项目

下面我们介绍如何在 Maven 项目中添加其他的 Java 文件，并进行测试。

打开 D:\maven\test\helloMaven\src\main\java\demo\pom\com文件夹，在其中创建一个名为  Util.java 的文件。

package demo.pom.com;

/**
 * Maven 项目中添加的自定义java类
 */
public class Util {
    public static void printMessage(String message) {
        System.out.println(message);
    }
}

更新 App 类，调用 Util 类中的 printMessage() 方法，代码如下。

package demo.pom.com;

/**
 * Hello world!
 *
 */
public class App {
    public static void main( String[] args ) {
        Util.printMessage("Hello World!");
    }
}

打开命令行窗口，跳转到 D:\maven\test\helloMaven 目录，并执行如下 Maven 命令，对项目进行编译。

mvn clean compile 

命令执行结果如下。

D:\maven\test\helloMaven>mvn clean compile
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ----------------------< demo.pom.com:helloMaven >-----------------------
[INFO] Building helloMaven 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ helloMaven ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\maven\test\helloMaven\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ helloMaven ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\maven\test\helloMaven\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ helloMaven ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files to D:\maven\test\helloMaven\target\classes
[WARNING] /D:/maven/test/helloMaven/src/main/java/demo/pom/com/Util.java:[4,28] 编码GBK的不可映射字符
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  1.077 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2023-09-17T14:45:43+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

编译成功后，跳转到 D:\maven\test\helloMaven\target\classes 目录下，执行以下 Java 命令。