python使用xpath爬取网页数据

from lxml import etree
# from fake_useragent import UserAgent
import requests
from lxml import etree
import numpy as np
import csv
import pandas as pd
#
# 公共部分url
url = 'https://cq.lianjia.com/ershoufang'
uurl = 'https://cq.lianjia.com'
l=0
# # 请求头伪装
# header = {"User-Agent": fake_useragent.FakeUserAgent().random}  # 全局变量

# 响应参数
res = requests.get(url)
html = etree.HTML(res.text)  # lxml实现
Area = html.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[1]/dl[2]/dd/div/div[1]/a')  # 获取地区列表

AreaList = {}

for are in Area:
    AreaList[are.text] = uurl + are.xpath('./@href')[0]  # 地区存入列表
print(AreaList)
list=[]
### 获取地区的地址
with open('./链家网数据集.csv', 'w', newline='',encoding='utf-8') as csvfile:
    writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
    writer.writerow(["名字", "区域","标题", "地址", "几室几厅", "房屋面积","朝向", "装修程度", "楼层","建造时间", "结构类型", "关注人数", "发表时间", "单价", "总价"])
    for areaName, areaUrl in AreaList.items():
        ### 获取区域的地址列表
        rep = requests.get(areaUrl)
        # 数据解析
        html = etree.HTML(rep.text)
        loc = html.xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[1]/dl[2]/dd/div/div[2]/a')  # 获取详细地址
        locList = {}  ### 地址列表
        for i in loc:
            # print(i.xpath('./@href')[0])
            locList[i.text] = uurl + str(i.xpath('./@href')[0]).split('?')[0] # 详细地址存储
        ### 根据地址获取房屋的信息
        for locName, locUrl in locList.items():
            if locName in list:
                continue
            else:
                list.append(locName)
                print(locName, locUrl)
                try:
                    resp = requests.get(locUrl)
                    html = etree.HTML(resp.text)
                    MaxNum = html.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/div[1]/div[2]/h2/span/text()')[0]
                    print("共有", int(int(int(MaxNum) // 30) + 1), "页")
                    # 循环获取所有页数
                    for i in range(1, int(int(int(MaxNum) // 30) + 1)):
                        if i > 20:
                            break
                        print("这是第", i, "页")
                        # 接收每页的数据
                        resp = requests.get(locUrl + 'pg' + str(i))
                        # 解析数据
                        html = etree.HTML(resp.text)
                        # 获取房源信息列表
                        allList = html.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/div[1]/ul/li[@data-lj_evtid=21624]')
                        # 从列表中提取数据
                        for li in allList:
                            List = []
                            name = li.xpath('./div[1]/div[1]/a/text()')  # 小区名称
                            address = li.xpath('./div[1]/div[2]/div/a/text()')  # 房屋的所在位置
                            address = address[0] + address[1]  # 房屋的所在位置
                            house_info = li.xpath('./div[1]/div[3]/div/text()')  # 房间的详细信息
                            time_info = li.xpath('./div[1]/div[4]/text()')  # 房屋的关注度
                            tatoll = li.xpath('./div[1]/div[6]/div[1]/span/text()')  # 房屋总价
                            wan = li.xpath('./div[1]/div[6]/div[1]/i[2]/text()')  # 万
                            tatoll = tatoll[0] + wan[0]  # 房屋总价/万
                            val = li.xpath('./div[1]/div[6]/div[2]/span/text()')  # 房屋单价
                            # print(areaName, locName, name, address, house_info, time_info, tatoll, val)
                            List.append(areaName), List.append(locName), List.append(name[0]), List.append(address)
                            # 对房子详情细分
                            k = []
                            k = house_info[0].split("|")
                            for j in range(7):
                                if j < len(k):
                                    if k[j] == "暂无数据":
                                        List.append("NULL")
                                    else:
                                        List.append(k[j])
                                else:
                                    List.append("NULL")
                            # 对关注度细分
                            a = []
                            a = time_info[0].split("/")
                            List.append(a[0]), List.append(a[1]), List.append(tatoll), List.append(val[0])
                            l+=1
                            print(l,List)
                            writer.writerow(List)
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)