实例：docker 镜像制作--python程序

docker 镜像制作–python程序

一、第1步：编辑Dockerfile

[root@docker-three ~]# mkdir /mydocker/
[root@docker-three ~]# cd /mydocker/
[root@docker-three mydocker]#
[root@docker-three mydocker]# vim Dockerfile

FROM python:2.7-slim
WORKDIR /app 
ADD . /app  
RUN pip install --trusted-host  pypi.python.org -r requirements.txt  
EXPOSE 80   
ENV NAME World  
ENV AUTHOR cali 
CMD ["python","app.py"]  

FROM python:2.7-slim #导入基础镜像，镜像里已经安装了python 2.7
WORKDIR /app #进入到容器后，会进入的文件夹
ADD . /app #复制linux系统当前目录下的内容到容器的/app目录下 类似于执行docker cp
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org -r requirements.txt #在容器内部执行的命令
EXPOSE 80 #容器暴露80端口，监听80端口
ENV NAME World #定义了环境变量NAME赋值world
ENV AUTHOR cali #定义了环境变量AUTHOR赋值cali
CMD [“python”,“app.py”] #容器启动的时候执行命令 python app.py

二、第2步：编辑requirements.txt文件

[root@docker-three mydocker]# vim requirements.txt
Flask
Redis

三、第3步：编辑app.py文件，程序文件

[root@docker-three mydocker]# vim app.py
from flask import Flask
from redis import Redis, RedisError
import os
import socket

# Connect to Redis
redis = Redis(host="redis", db=0, socket_connect_timeout=2, socket_timeout=2)

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    try:
        visits = redis.incr("counter")
    except RedisError:
        visits = "<i>cannot connect to Redis, counter disabled</i>"

    html = "<h3>Hello {name}!</h3>" \
           "<b>Hostname:</b> {hostname}<br/>" \
           "<b>Visits:</b> {visits}"
    return html.format(name=os.getenv("NAME", "world"), hostname=socket.gethostname(), visits=visits)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=80)

四、第4步：生成镜像文件

[root@docker-three mydocker]# docker build -t sc_friendlyhello_1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  4.608kB
Step 1/8 : FROM python:2.7-slim
2.7-slim: Pulling from library/python
123275d6e508: Pull complete 
dd1cd6637523: Pull complete 
0c4e6d630f2c: Pull complete 
13e9cd8f0ea1: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:6c1ffdff499e29ea663e6e67c9b6b9a3b401d554d2c9f061f9a45344e3992363
Status: Downloaded newer image for python:2.7-slim
 ---> eeb27ee6b893
Step 2/8 : WORKDIR /app
 ---> Running in ad134fad2143
Removing intermediate container ad134fad2143
 ---> a56e0732d466
Step 3/8 : ADD . /app
 ---> 197f82e55c98
Step 4/8 : RUN pip install --trusted-host  pypi.python.org -r requirements.txt
 ---> Running in 937b101042e1
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Collecting Flask
  Downloading Flask-1.1.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (94 kB)
Collecting Redis
  Downloading redis-3.5.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (72 kB)
Collecting click<8.0,>=5.1
  Downloading click-7.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (82 kB)
Collecting Werkzeug<2.0,>=0.15
  Downloading Werkzeug-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (298 kB)
Collecting Jinja2<3.0,>=2.10.1
  Downloading Jinja2-2.11.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (125 kB)
Collecting itsdangerous<2.0,>=0.24
  Downloading itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23
  Downloading MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (24 kB)
Installing collected packages: click, Werkzeug, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, itsdangerous, Flask, Redis
Successfully installed Flask-1.1.4 Jinja2-2.11.3 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Redis-3.5.3 Werkzeug-1.0.1 click-7.1.2 itsdangerous-1.1.0
WARNING: You are using pip version 20.0.2; however, version 20.3.4 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the '/usr/local/bin/python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
Removing intermediate container 937b101042e1
 ---> 341c8f7d0e86
Step 5/8 : EXPOSE 80
 ---> Running in e2ef7e0e133d
Removing intermediate container e2ef7e0e133d
 ---> 0bc3ddbfe8ee
Step 6/8 : ENV NAME World
 ---> Running in b02c273bc86d
Removing intermediate container b02c273bc86d
 ---> 65c0874fa8ec
Step 7/8 : ENV AUTHOR cali
 ---> Running in f31bf49e3e78
Removing intermediate container f31bf49e3e78
 ---> d147e39a30e1
Step 8/8 : CMD ["python","app.py"]
 ---> Running in 97c7f95e007d
Removing intermediate container 97c7f95e007d
 ---> 7e98a2564967
Successfully built 7e98a2564967
Successfully tagged sc_friendlyhello_1:latest
[root@docker-three mydocker]# docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG        IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
sc_friendlyhello_1   latest     7e98a2564967   35 seconds ago   159MB

五、第5步：使用镜像，启动容器

[root@docker-three mydocker]# docker run -d -p 5080:80 --name xiaowei-hello-1 sc_friendlyhello_1 
df00992ea1b7d8d3300e90e95710e4e68d4baa55346367de0461bcdddb587f62
[root@docker-three mydocker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                   NAMES
df00992ea1b7   sc_friendlyhello_1   "python app.py"          7 seconds ago    Up 6 seconds    0.0.0.0:5080->80/tcp, :::5080->80/tcp   xiaowei-hello-1

六、第6步：访问容器的web服务

	curl或者chrome浏览器访问
	宿主机ip:5080

因为redis数据库容器没有启动，flask web服务不能连接到redis数据库

七、第7步： 启动redis容器

[root@docker-three mydocker]# docker run -d -p 6379:6379 --name sc-redis-1 redis
Unable to find image 'redis:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/redis
a603fa5e3b41: Already exists 
77631c3ef092: Pull complete 
ed3847cf62b8: Pull complete 
261a8b530567: Pull complete 
7d9005a8af6d: Pull complete 
828da1afb5be: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:1e3207c292225b6dd21cb74d59255748a50e8f739dd983040df38fa913927cf1
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
96ad406d892da84a3f3aad922f74116a9625363a43a03e4b6cd30f37af8c9b76
[root@docker-three mydocker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                       NAMES
96ad406d892d   redis                "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp   sc-redis-1
df00992ea1b7   sc_friendlyhello_1   "python app.py"          4 minutes ago        Up 4 minutes        0.0.0.0:5080->80/tcp, :::5080->80/tcp       xiaowei-hello-1
cce420e5de69   nginx                "/docker-entrypoint.…"   36 minutes ago       Up 26 minutes       0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp       xiaowei-nginx-1

八、第8步： 再次启动一个自己制作镜像的容器，链接到redis容器

[root@docker-three mydocker]# docker run -d -p 5081:80 --link sc-redis-1:redis --name xiaowei-hello-2 sc_friendlyhello_1
21737a0e156536d8e3d39b6f73741711bf4188b2a6055e2cddb9271730b4e06c
[root@docker-three mydocker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                       NAMES
21737a0e1565   sc_friendlyhello_1   "python app.py"          2 seconds ago    Up 2 seconds    0.0.0.0:5081->80/tcp, :::5081->80/tcp       xiaowei-hello-2
96ad406d892d   redis                "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 minutes ago    Up 2 minutes    0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp   sc-redis-1
df00992ea1b7   sc_friendlyhello_1   "python app.py"          6 minutes ago    Up 6 minutes    0.0.0.0:5080->80/tcp, :::5080->80/tcp       xiaowei-hello-1
cce420e5de69   nginx                "/docker-entrypoint.…"   37 minutes ago   Up 28 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp       xiaowei-nginx-1
[root@docker-three mydocker]# 

九、第9步：访问容器的web服务

	curl或者chrome浏览器访问
	宿主机ip:5081